Cancer Hazard Identification Integrating Human Variability: The Case of Coumarin
| Autor: | Karin Ricker, Meng Sun, ChingYi Jennifer Hsieh, Rose Schmitz, Martha S. Sandy, Feng C. Tsai, Kate Li, Rajpal Tomar, Jimmy Phuong, Gwendolyn Osborne |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Biology
Toxicology medicine.disease_cause 030226 pharmacology & pharmacy 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound 0302 clinical medicine In vivo Coumarins Neoplasms medicine Animals Humans CYP2A6 Carcinogen 030304 developmental biology 0303 health sciences Anticoagulants Coumarin Human variability Biochemistry chemistry Carcinogens Toxicogenomics Benzopyrone Genotoxicity |
| Zdroj: | International journal of toxicology. 38(6) |
| ISSN: | 1092-874X |
| Popis: | Coumarin is a naturally occurring sweet-smelling benzopyrone that may be extracted from plants or synthesized for commercial uses. Its uses include as a flavoring agent, fragrance enhancer, and odor-masking additive. We reviewed and evaluated the scientific evidence on the carcinogenicity of coumarin, integrating information from carcinogenicity studies in animals with mechanistic and other relevant data, including data from toxicogenomic, genotoxicity, and metabolism studies, and studies of human variability of a key enzyme, CYP2A6. Increases in tumors were observed in multiple studies in rats and mice in multiple tissues. Our functional pathway analysis identified several common cancer-related biological processes/pathways affected by coumarin in rat liver following in vivo exposure and in human primary hepatocytes exposed in vitro. When coumarin 7-hydroxylation by CYP2A6 is compromised, this can lead to a shift in metabolism to the 3,4-epoxidation pathway and increased generation of electrophilic metabolites. Mechanistic data align with 3 key characteristics of carcinogens, namely formation of electrophilic metabolites, genotoxicity, and induction of oxidative stress. Considerations of metabolism, human variability in CYP2A6 activity, and coumarin hepatotoxicity in susceptible individuals provide additional support for carcinogenicity concern. Our analysis illustrates the importance of integrating information on human variability in the cancer hazard identification process. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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