Gene expression analyses of primary melanomas reveal CTHRC1 as an important player in melanoma progression
| Autor: | Susanna Virolainen, Pirjo Laakkonen, Vadim Le Joncour, Erkki Hölttä, Olli Saksela, Tiina Jahkola, Johanna Eriksson, Pirjo Nummela |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Pathology Skin Neoplasms Angiogenesis Apoptosis Metastasis Mice 0302 clinical medicine Cell Movement Tumor Cells Cultured Extracellular Matrix Proteins Mice Inbred BALB C Gene knockdown Melanoma invasion/metastasis Integrin beta3 NFATC2 Cell migration Prognosis Metastatic breast cancer humanities 3. Good health Gene Expression Regulation Neoplastic Oncology 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Disease Progression Melanocytes Female Research Paper medicine.medical_specialty Mice Nude TGFβ 03 medical and health sciences TGF beta signaling pathway melanoma Biomarkers Tumor Cell Adhesion medicine Animals Humans neoplasms Cell Proliferation Neoplasm Staging NFATC Transcription Factors business.industry Gene Expression Profiling medicine.disease Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays Fibronectins Gene expression profiling 030104 developmental biology Cancer research Stromal Cells business CTHRC1 |
| Zdroj: | Oncotarget |
| ISSN: | 1949-2553 |
| DOI: | 10.18632/oncotarget.7604 |
| Popis: | // Johanna Eriksson 1 , Vadim Le Joncour 2 , Pirjo Nummela 1 , Tiina Jahkola 3 , Susanna Virolainen 1 , Pirjo Laakkonen 2 , Olli Saksela 4 , Erkki Holtta 1 1 Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland 2 University of Helsinki, Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland 3 Department of Plastic Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland 4 Department of Dermatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland Correspondence to: Erkki Holtta, e-mail: erkki.holtta@helsinki.fi Keywords: melanoma, invasion/metastasis, CTHRC1, NFATC2, TGFβ Received: June 11, 2015 Accepted: January 31, 2016 Published: February 23, 2016 ABSTRACT Melanoma is notorious for its high tendency to metastasize and its refractoriness to conventional treatments after metastasis, and the responses to most targeted therapies are short-lived. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind melanoma development and progression is needed to develop more effective therapies and to identify new markers to predict disease behavior. Here, we compared the gene expression profiles of benign nevi, and non-metastatic and metastatic primary melanomas to identify any common changes in disease progression. We identified several genes associated with inflammation, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix modification to be upregulated in metastatic melanomas. We selected one of these genes, collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 ( CTHRC1 ), for detailed analysis, and found that CTHRC1 was expressed in both melanoma cells and the associated fibroblasts, as well as in the endothelium of tumor blood vessels. Knockdown of CTHRC1 expression by shRNAs in melanoma cells inhibited their migration in Transwell assays and their invasion in three-dimensional collagen and Matrigel matrices. We also elucidated the possible down-stream effectors of CTHRC1 by gene expression profiling of the CTHRC1-knockdown cells. Our analyses showed that CTHRC1 is regulated coordinately with fibronectin and integrin β3 by the pro-invasive and -angiogenic transcription factor NFATC2. We also found CTHRC1 to be a target of TFGβ and BRAF. These data highlight the importance of tumor stroma in melanoma progression. Furthermore, CTHRC1 was recognized as an important mediator of melanoma cell migration and invasion, providing together with its regulators—NFATC2, TGFβ, and BRAF—attractive therapeutic targets against metastatic melanomas. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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