Comparative analysis of three brevetoxin-associated bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) mortality events in the Florida Panhandle region (USA)
| Autor: | Lori H. Schwacke, Leanne J. Flewelling, Christine K. Johnson, Teresa K. Rowles, Michael J. Twiner, Joseph K. Gaydos, Frances M. Van Dolah, Zhihong Wang, Tod A. Leighfield, Spencer E. Fire, Sabrina R. Bowen-Stevens, Blair Mase-Guthrie, Jan H. Landsberg |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Fahlman, Andreas |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2012 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Veterinary Toxicology Toxicology Kidney Marine Conservation Brevetoxin chemistry.chemical_compound Multidisciplinary Kainic Acid biology Ecology Oxocins Marine Ecology Domoic acid Environmental exposure Pollution Toxicokinetics Management Bottle-Nosed Dolphin Chemistry Mammalogy Liver Health Florida Medicine Phycology Female Research Article Environmental Monitoring General Science & Technology Science Toxic Agents Zoology Marine Biology Algal bloom Microbiology Microbial Ecology Chemical Biology Animals Biology Microbial Pathogens Kidney metabolism Environmental Exposure biology.organism_classification Bottlenose dolphin Good Health and Well Being chemistry Veterinary Science Marine Toxins Karenia brevis Marine toxin human activities |
| Zdroj: | Twiner, MJ; Flewelling, LJ; Fire, SE; Bowen-Stevens, SR; Gaydos, JK; Johnson, CK; et al.(2012). Comparative analysis of three brevetoxin-associated bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) mortality events in the Florida Panhandle region (USA). PLoS ONE, 7(8). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042974. UC Davis: Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/49m1x2sx United States National Ocean Service PloS one, vol 7, iss 8 PLoS ONE PLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 8, p e42974 (2012) |
| Popis: | In the Florida Panhandle region, bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) have been highly susceptible to large-scale unusual mortality events (UMEs) that may have been the result of exposure to blooms of the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis and its neurotoxin, brevetoxin (PbTx). Between 1999 and 2006, three bottlenose dolphin UMEs occurred in the Florida Panhandle region. The primary objective of this study was to determine if these mortality events were due to brevetoxicosis. Analysis of over 850 samples from 105 bottlenose dolphins and associated prey items were analyzed for algal toxins and have provided details on tissue distribution, pathways of trophic transfer, and spatial-temporal trends for each mortality event. In 1999/2000, 152 dolphins died following extensive K. brevis blooms and brevetoxin was detected in 52% of animals tested at concentrations up to 500 ng/g. In 2004, 105 bottlenose dolphins died in the absence of an identifiable K. brevis bloom; however, 100% of the tested animals were positive for brevetoxin at concentrations up to 29,126 ng/mL. Dolphin stomach contents frequently consisted of brevetoxin-contaminated menhaden. In addition, another potentially toxigenic algal species, Pseudo-nitzschia, was present and low levels of the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA) were detected in nearly all tested animals (89%). In 2005/2006, 90 bottlenose dolphins died that were initially coincident with high densities of K. brevis. Most (93%) of the tested animals were positive for brevetoxin at concentrations up to 2,724 ng/mL. No DA was detected in these animals despite the presence of an intense DA-producing Pseudo-nitzschia bloom. In contrast to the absence or very low levels of brevetoxins measured in live dolphins, and those stranding in the absence of a K. brevis bloom, these data, taken together with the absence of any other obvious pathology, provide strong evidence that brevetoxin was the causative agent involved in these bottlenose dolphin mortality events. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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