Emerging Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms in Alcohol Addiction
| Autor: | Tiffani D.M. Berkel, Subhash C. Pandey |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Behavioral epigenetics Epigenetics in learning and memory media_common.quotation_subject Medicine (miscellaneous) Alcohol use disorder Biology Toxicology Article Epigenesis Genetic 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Neurochemical mental disorders Histone methylation medicine Animals Humans Epigenetics Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein Histone Acetyltransferases media_common Genetics Addiction DNA Methylation medicine.disease Alcoholism Psychiatry and Mental health 030104 developmental biology DNA methylation Neuroscience 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 41:666-680 |
| ISSN: | 0145-6008 |
| Popis: | Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a complex brain disorder with an array of persistent behavioral and neurochemical manifestations. Both genetic and environmental factors are known to contribute to the development of AUD, and recent studies on alcohol exposure and subsequent changes in gene expression suggest the importance of epigenetic mechanisms. In particular, histone modifications and DNA methylation have emerged as important regulators of gene expression and associated phenotypes of AUD. Given the therapeutic potential of epigenetic targets, this review aims to summarize the role of epigenetic regulation in our current understanding of AUD by evaluating known epigenetic signatures of brain regions critical to addictive behaviors in both animal and human studies throughout various stages of AUD. More specifically, the effects of acute and chronic alcohol exposure, tolerance, and post-exposure withdrawal on epigenetically-induced changes to gene expression and synaptic plasticity within key brain regions and the associated behavioral phenotypes have been discussed. Understanding the contribution of epigenetic regulation to crucial signaling pathways may prove vital for future development of novel biomarkers and treatment agents in ameliorating or preventing AUD. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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