Diversification rates and species richness across the Tree of Life
| Autor: | John J. Wiens, Joshua P. Scholl |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
0301 basic medicine Genetic Speciation Tree of life (biology) media_common.quotation_subject Biology Diversification (marketing strategy) 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology 03 medical and health sciences Phylogenetics Animals Clade Phylogeny Research Articles General Environmental Science media_common Extinction General Immunology and Microbiology Ecology Eukaryota Biodiversity General Medicine Plants Speciation 030104 developmental biology Taxon Species richness General Agricultural and Biological Sciences |
| Zdroj: | Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 283:20161334 |
| ISSN: | 1471-2954 0962-8452 |
| Popis: | Species richness varies dramatically among clades across the Tree of Life, by over a million-fold in some cases (e.g. placozoans versus arthropods). Two major explanations for differences in richness among clades are the clade-age hypothesis (i.e. species-rich clades are older) and the diversification-rate hypothesis (i.e. species-rich clades diversify more rapidly, where diversification rate is the net balance of speciation and extinction over time). Here, we examine patterns of variation in diversification rates across the Tree of Life. We address how rates vary across higher taxa, whether rates within higher taxa are related to the subclades within them, and how diversification rates of clades are related to their species richness. We find substantial variation in diversification rates, with rates in plants nearly twice as high as in animals, and rates in some eukaryotes approximately 10-fold faster than prokaryotes. Rates for each kingdom-level clade are then significantly related to the subclades within them. Although caution is needed when interpreting relationships between diversification rates and richness, a positive relationship between the two is not inevitable. We find that variation in diversification rates seems to explain most variation in richness among clades across the Tree of Life, in contrast to the conclusions of previous studies. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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