Introduction to volcanism in Antarctica: 200 million years of subduction, rifting and continental break-up
| Autor: | Adelina Geyer, Kurt S. Panter, John L. Smellie |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
Geochronology Peninsula Antarctic ice sheet Ozone depletion 010502 geochemistry & geophysics 01 natural sciences Paleontology Long-distance transport Patagonia Glacial period Large igneous province Southern Hemisphere 0105 earth and related environmental sciences South Shetland Islands Extinction event Mantle plumes geography geography.geographical_feature_category Rift Subduction Geology West Antarctica Gondwana Volcano New-Zealand |
| Zdroj: | Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC instname |
| ISSN: | 2041-4722 0435-4052 |
| Popis: | Antarctica has undergone several important phases of volcanism throughout its long history. It was formerly at the heart of Gondwana but, from early Jurassic time (c. 200 Ma), it commenced the prolonged process of disintegration, which resulted in the dispersal and final disposition of the southern hemisphere continents that we are familiar with today (Veevers 2012; Storey and Granot 2021). As a consequence, volcanism has been particularly important in its construction and it is geographically widespread, although mainly located within West Antarctica (Fig. 1). Its effects have frequently been felt far outside of the continent. For example, it has been a driver of global mass extinctions (Burgess et al. 2015; Ernst and Youbi 2017) and it has potentially driven Antarctica climatically, and by implication the world, both into and out of glacials (Bay et al. 2006; McConnell et al. 2017). Conversely, Antarctica's volcanoes may have played a pivotal role in helping Life not only to survive multiple glacial episodes during the past few tens of millions of years but to undergo species diversification on the continent in spite of the dramatic climate variations (Fraser et al. 2014). Eruptions from Mount Erebus also represent a significant point source of gases and aerosols to the Austral polar troposphere, including affecting the ozone layer (Boichu et al. 2011; Zuev et al. 2015). Some of Antarctica's active volcanoes also have the potential to have a significant impact on southern hemisphere aviation (Geyer et al. 2017). Finally, Antarctica contains the world's largest and longest-lived glaciovolcanic province. The glaciovolcanic sequences contain a detailed record of the terrestrial Antarctic ice sheet going back to nearly 30 Ma and that record is now beginning to be tapped (e.g. Smellie et al. 2009; Smellie and Edwards 2016; Wilch et al. 2021). Despite these attributes, however, volcanism in Antarctica remains terra incognita to many Earth scientists, probably in large part because of its remoteness and inaccessibility. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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