Individual differences in blink rate modulate the effect of instrumental control on subsequent Pavlovian responding
| Autor: | Cesar A.O. Coelho, Franchesca Ramirez, Elizabeth A. Phelps, Catherine A. Hartley, Emily A. Boeke |
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| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Adolescent Dopamine Conditioning Classical Pharmacology toxicology Spontaneous recovery Individuality Extinction Psychological Random Allocation Young Adult 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Avoidance Learning medicine Animals Humans Attention Original Investigation Pavlovian learning Pharmacology Blinking Dopaminergic Extinction (psychology) Active control Conditioned responses 030227 psychiatry Aversive conditioning Female Active avoidance Psychology Skin conductance Neuroscience Photic Stimulation 030217 neurology & neurosurgery medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Psychopharmacology |
| ISSN: | 1432-2072 0033-3158 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s00213-018-5082-6 |
| Popis: | Rationale Pavlovian conditioned responses to cues that signal threat are rapidly acquired and tend to persist over time. However, recent research suggests that the ability to actively avoid or exert control over an anticipated threat can diminish the subsequent expression of Pavlovian responses. Studies in animal models suggest that active avoidance behavior and its consequences may be mediated by dopaminergic function. In the present study, we sought to replicate the finding that active control over threat can attenuate subsequent Pavlovian responding in humans and conducted exploratory analyses testing whether individual differences in blink rate, a putative index of dopaminergic function, might modulate this effect. Methods Participants underwent Pavlovian aversive conditioning, followed immediately by one of two conditions. In the active avoidance condition, participants had the opportunity to actively prevent the occurrence of an anticipated shock, whereas in a yoked extinction condition, participants passively observed the cessation of shocks, but with no ability to influence their occurrence. The following day, the conditioned stimuli were presented without shock, but both groups of participants had no opportunity to employ active instrumental responses. Blink rate was measured throughout the task, and skin conductance responses served as our index of Pavlovian conditioned responding. Results Consistent with our previous findings, we observed that the group that could actively avoid the shock on day 1 exhibited attenuated recovery of Pavlovian conditioned responses. Further, we found that individuals in the active avoidance group with higher blink rates exhibited a more robust attenuation of spontaneous recovery. Conclusion This finding suggests that individual variation in dopaminergic function may modulate the efficacy with which active avoidance strategies can attenuate reactive Pavlovian responses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00213-018-5082-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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