Early delay of gratification predicts later inhibitory control and academic performance in children with prenatal alcohol exposure
| Autor: | Christopher J. Boys, Alyssa M. Krueger, Birgit A. Fink, Madeline N. Rockhold, Jeffrey R. Wozniak, Christopher W. Lindgren, Judith K. Eckerle, Anita J. Fuglestad, Kristin E. Sandness, Erik de Water |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Pleasure Longitudinal study media_common.quotation_subject Article Developmental psychology Child Development Reward Pregnancy Intervention (counseling) Academic Performance Developmental and Educational Psychology Humans Attention Longitudinal Studies Child Child Behavior Checklist media_common Problem Behavior Gratification Working memory Cognitive flexibility Cognition Inhibition Psychological Memory Short-Term Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Child Preschool Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects Pediatrics Perinatology and Child Health Female Temperament Psychology Infant Premature |
| Zdroj: | Child Neuropsychol |
| ISSN: | 1744-4136 0929-7049 |
| DOI: | 10.1080/09297049.2020.1798372 |
| Popis: | Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) affects 2–5% of children in the United States. In the preschool age-range, inhibitory deficits frequently manifest as impaired ability to delay gratification, which is associated with deficits in cognitive flexibility in these children. The goal of this longitudinal study was to determine whether the ability to delay gratification in preschool children with FASD is: 1) associated with broader manifestations in temperament and behavior; 2) predictive of later inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility and working memory in middle childhood; and 3) predictive of later parent-reported behavioral problems and school functioning in middle childhood. Forty-seven children with FASD, ages 2.5 to 5 were administered a delay of gratification task in which they chose between receiving two snacks immediately or ten snacks after waiting for ten minutes. Two groups were defined based on a median split of waiting time. Four years later, twenty-nine children completed measures of inhibitory control (Flanker task), cognitive flexibility (Dimensional Change Card Sort Test), and working memory (Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales), and their parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist as a measure of the child’s behavioral problems and school functioning. Children with longer wait times on the delay of gratification task in preschool showed better inhibitory control on the Flanker task in middle childhood and better parent-reported school functioning in English. These findings indicate that early inhibitory capacity persists into middle childhood in those with FASD, and may be a promising target for early intervention to improve later cognitive outcomes in these children. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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