Activating the levator to elevate the eyelid
| Autor: | Joel M. Miller, Talita Cunha Namgalies, Alan B. Scott |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Blinking business.industry Blepharospasm Eyelids Stimulation Electric Stimulation Therapy Stimulus (physiology) Levator Palpebrae Superioris Electrodes Implanted Ophthalmology medicine.anatomical_structure Animal model Oculomotor Muscles Pediatrics Perinatology and Child Health Electrode Medicine Animals Female Eyelid Rabbits business Biomedical engineering |
| Zdroj: | Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. 23(4) |
| ISSN: | 1528-3933 |
| Popis: | Purpose To demonstrate in an animal model the feasibility of elevating the eyelid in a functionally useful manner by chronically stimulating the levator palpebrae superioris (LPS) muscle with an implanted electrode. Methods Five rabbits were implanted with electrodes designed to stimulate the nerve innervating the LPS near its entry to the muscle. Bipolar platinum electrodes in a silicone rubber envelope with silicone-sleeved, PTFE-coated platinum lead wires were used to provide long-term stimulation with bipolar square-wave pulse trains of 0.18–0.80 mA and 200 Hz at a duty cycle of 8 seconds on and 2 seconds off. Explanted electrodes were examined for damage, and stimulated tissues were evaluated for abnormalities by light microscopy. Results We achieved mean lid elevation of 1.6 mm, approaching the diameter of the light-adapted pupil, with 0.5 mA stimulus. Stimulus currents below 1.0 mA produced no signs of discomfort. Three animals with which we attempted daily stimulation, averaged 16.1 hours per week. Experiments lasted 22 weeks on average. Lid lifting with a well-implanted platinum electrodes was stable, with no apparent tissue or electrode damage after as long as 29.1 weeks. Conclusions Stable, functionally useful eyelid lifting was achieved with stimulation currents that caused no apparent discomfort or damage to muscles or nerves. A simple, discrete bipolar electrode was effective and survivable. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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