Novel syndromes associated with JC virus infection of neurons and meningeal cells
| Autor: | Dhanashri P. Miskin, Igor J. Koralnik |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
Pathology
medicine.medical_specialty viruses JC virus Disease medicine.disease_cause Article Psoriasis medicine Animals Humans Neurons Polyomavirus Infections business.industry Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Multiple sclerosis JC Virus Infection virus diseases medicine.disease JC Virus Neurology Immunology Dura Mater Neurology (clinical) Meningeal Cells business Brain syndromes |
| Zdroj: | Current Opinion in Neurology. 28:288-294 |
| ISSN: | 1350-7540 |
| DOI: | 10.1097/wco.0000000000000201 |
| Popis: | The availability of a growing number of immunomodulatory medications over the past few years has been associated with various JC virus (JCV)-associated brain syndromes in patients with autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease, and psoriasis that had not been previously recognized as predisposing factors for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. This review covers the three novel syndromes discovered in the last decade that are caused by JCV infection of neurons and meningeal cells.For more than 30 years, JCV was thought to exclusively infect oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in the white matter of the brain of immunosuppressed individuals. We now recognize that JCV-infected glial cells are frequently located at the gray-white matter junction or exclusively within the gray matter causing demyelination in the cortex. Mutations in JCV can trigger a change in tropism leading to involvement of other cell types, such as neurons and meningeal cells, causing clinically distinct entities. These new features of JCV infection provide challenges for clinicians taking care of affected patients and investigators studying the biology of this polyomavirus, its pathogenesis, and tropism.We hope that increasing awareness of these syndromes will lead to early diagnosis, and pave the way for new avenues of research to better understand all aspects of JCV pathogenesis and develop efficient therapies for our patients. However, we need to remain vigilant and open to the possibility that additional JC variants or yet unknown polyomaviruses may also be associated with neurological diseases. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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