The International Pulsar Timing Array second data release: Search for an isotropic gravitational wave background

Autor: J Antoniadis, Z Arzoumanian, S Babak, M Bailes, A-S Bak Nielsen, P T Baker, C G Bassa, B Bécsy, A Berthereau, M Bonetti, A Brazier, P R Brook, M Burgay, S Burke-Spolaor, R N Caballero, J A Casey-Clyde, A Chalumeau, D J Champion, M Charisi, S Chatterjee, S Chen, I Cognard, J M Cordes, N J Cornish, F Crawford, H T Cromartie, K Crowter, S Dai, M E DeCesar, P B Demorest, G Desvignes, T Dolch, B Drachler, M Falxa, E C Ferrara, W Fiore, E Fonseca, J R Gair, N Garver-Daniels, B Goncharov, D C Good, E Graikou, L Guillemot, Y J Guo, J S Hazboun, G Hobbs, H Hu, K Islo, G H Janssen, R J Jennings, A D Johnson, M L Jones, A R Kaiser, D L Kaplan, R Karuppusamy, M J Keith, L Z Kelley, M Kerr, J S Key, M Kramer, M T Lam, W G Lamb, T J W Lazio, K J Lee, L Lentati, K Liu, J Luo, R S Lynch, A G Lyne, D R Madison, R A Main, R N Manchester, A McEwen, J W McKee, M A McLaughlin, M B Mickaliger, C M F Mingarelli, C Ng, D J Nice, S Osłowski, A Parthasarathy, T T Pennucci, B B P Perera, D Perrodin, A Petiteau, N S Pol, N K Porayko, A Possenti, S M Ransom, P S Ray, D J Reardon, C J Russell, A Samajdar, L M Sampson, S Sanidas, J M Sarkissian, K Schmitz, L Schult, A Sesana, G Shaifullah, R M Shannon, B J Shapiro-Albert, X Siemens, J Simon, T L Smith, L Speri, R Spiewak, I H Stairs, B W Stappers, D R Stinebring, J K Swiggum, S R Taylor, G Theureau, C Tiburzi, M Vallisneri, E van der Wateren, A Vecchio, J P W Verbiest, S J Vigeland, H Wahl, J B Wang, J Wang, L Wang, C A Witt, S Zhang, X J Zhu
Přispěvatelé: Antoniadis, J, Arzoumanian, Z, Babak, S, Bailes, M, Bak Nielsen, A, Baker, P, Bassa, C, Becsy, B, Berthereau, A, Bonetti, M, Brazier, A, Brook, P, Burgay, M, Burke-Spolaor, S, Caballero, R, Casey-Clyde, J, Chalumeau, A, Champion, D, Charisi, M, Chatterjee, S, Chen, S, Cognard, I, Cordes, J, Cornish, N, Crawford, F, Cromartie, H, Crowter, K, Dai, S, Decesar, M, Demorest, P, Desvignes, G, Dolch, T, Drachler, B, Falxa, M, Ferrara, E, Fiore, W, Fonseca, E, Gair, J, Garver-Daniels, N, Goncharov, B, Good, D, Graikou, E, Guillemot, L, Guo, Y, Hazboun, J, Hobbs, G, Hu, H, Islo, K, Janssen, G, Jennings, R, Johnson, A, Jones, M, Kaiser, A, Kaplan, D, Karuppusamy, R, Keith, M, Kelley, L, Kerr, M, Key, J, Kramer, M, Lam, M, Lamb, W, Lazio, T, Lee, K, Lentati, L, Liu, K, Luo, J, Lynch, R, Lyne, A, Madison, D, Main, R, Manchester, R, Mcewen, A, Mckee, J, Mclaughlin, M, Mickaliger, M, Mingarelli, C, Ng, C, Nice, D, Oslowski, S, Parthasarathy, A, Pennucci, T, Perera, B, Perrodin, D, Petiteau, A, Pol, N, Porayko, N, Possenti, A, Ransom, S, Ray, P, Reardon, D, Russell, C, Samajdar, A, Sampson, L, Sanidas, S, Sarkissian, J, Schmitz, K, Schult, L, Sesana, A, Shaifullah, G, Shannon, R, Shapiro-Albert, B, Siemens, X, Simon, J, Smith, T, Speri, L, Spiewak, R, Stairs, I, Stappers, B, Stinebring, D, Swiggum, J, Taylor, S, Theureau, G, Tiburzi, C, Vallisneri, M, Van Der Wateren, E, Vecchio, A, Verbiest, J, Vigeland, S, Wahl, H, Wang, J, Wang, L, Witt, C, Zhang, S, Zhu, X, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), ANR-18-CE31-0015,PTA-France,Recherche d'ondes gravitationnelles avec un réseau de pulsars en France(2018), ITA, USA, GBR, FRA, DEU, AUS, CAN, GRC, NLD, CHN, RUS, CHE, HUN
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2022
Předmět:
Zdroj: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Antoniadis, J, Arzoumanian, Z, Babak, S, Bailes, M, Bak nielsen, A, Baker, P T, Bassa, C G, Bécsy, B, Berthereau, A, Bonetti, M, Brazier, A, Brook, P R, Burgay, M, Burke-spolaor, S, Caballero, R N, Casey-clyde, J A, Chalumeau, A, Champion, D J, Charisi, M, Chatterjee, S, Chen, S, Cognard, I, Cordes, J M, Cornish, N J, Crawford, F, Cromartie, H T, Crowter, K, Dai, S, Decesar, M E, Demorest, P B, Desvignes, G, Dolch, T, Drachler, B, Falxa, M, Ferrara, E C, Fiore, W, Fonseca, E, Gair, J R, Garver-daniels, N, Goncharov, B, Good, D C, Graikou, E, Guillemot, L, Guo, Y J, Hazboun, J S, Hobbs, G, Hu, H, Islo, K, Janssen, G H, Jennings, R J, Johnson, A D, Jones, M L, Kaiser, A R, Kaplan, D L, Karuppusamy, R, Keith, M J, Kelley, L Z, Kerr, M, Key, J S, Kramer, M, Lam, M T, Lamb, W G, Lazio, T J W, Lee, K J, Lentati, L, Liu, K, Luo, J, Lynch, R S, Lyne, A G, Madison, D R, Main, R A, Manchester, R N, Mcewen, A, Mckee, J W, Mclaughlin, M A, Mickaliger, M B, Mingarelli, C M F, Nice, D J, Osłowski, S, Parthasarathy, A, Pennucci, T T, Perera, B B P, Perrodin, D, Petiteau, A, Pol, N S, Porayko, N K, Possenti, A, Ransom, S M, Ray, P S, Reardon, D J, Russell, C J, Samajdar, A, Sampson, L M, Sanidas, S, Sarkissian, J M, Schmitz, K, Schult, L, Sesana, A, Shaifullah, G, Shannon, R M, Shapiro-albert, B J, Siemens, X, Simon, J, Smith, T L, Speri, L, Spiewak, R, Stairs, I H, Stappers, B W, Stinebring, D R, Swiggum, J K, Taylor, S R, Theureau, G, Tiburzi, C, Vallisneri, M, Van der wateren, E, Vecchio, A, Verbiest, J P W, Vigeland, S J, Wahl, H, Wang, J, Wang, J, Wang, L, Witt, C A, Zhang, S, Zhu, X J & Ng, C 2022, ' The International Pulsar Timing Array second data release: Search for an isotropic gravitational wave background ', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 510, no. 4, pp. 4873-4887 . https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3418
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2022, 510, pp.4873-4887. ⟨10.1093/mnras/stab3418⟩
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 510, pp. 4873-4887
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 510, 4873-4887
ISSN: 0035-8711
1365-2966
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stab3418
Popis: We searched for an isotropic stochastic gravitational wave background in the second data release of the International Pulsar Timing Array, a global collaboration synthesizing decadal-length pulsar-timing campaigns in North America, Europe, and Australia. In our reference search for a power law strain spectrum of the form $h_c = A(f/1\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1})^{\alpha}$, we found strong evidence for a spectrally-similar low-frequency stochastic process of amplitude $A = 3.8^{+6.3}_{-2.5}\times10^{-15}$ and spectral index $\alpha = -0.5 \pm 0.5$, where the uncertainties represent 95\% credible regions, using information from the auto- and cross-correlation terms between the pulsars in the array. For a spectral index of $\alpha = -2/3$, as expected from a population of inspiralling supermassive black hole binaries, the recovered amplitude is $A = 2.8^{+1.2}_{-0.8}\times10^{-15}$. Nonetheless, no significant evidence of the Hellings-Downs correlations that would indicate a gravitational-wave origin was found. We also analyzed the constituent data from the individual pulsar timing arrays in a consistent way, and clearly demonstrate that the combined international data set is more sensitive. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this combined data set produces comparable constraints to recent single-array data sets which have more data than the constituent parts of the combination. Future international data releases will deliver increased sensitivity to gravitational wave radiation, and significantly increase the detection probability.
17 pages, 12 figures, accepted in MNRAS
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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