Effects of heat stress and insulin sensitizers on pig adipose tissue
Autor: | S. K. Kvidera, Jason W. Ross, Erin A Horst, J. T. Seibert, M. V. Sanz Fernandez, Edith J Mayorga, J. W. Perfield Ii, M. Abuajamieh, S. Lei, Jay S. Johnson, Lance H. Baumgard, Roger Johnson, Robert P. Rhoads, John F. Patience, Steven M. Lonergan |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2018 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Chromium Male Hot Temperature Swine medicine.medical_treatment Adipose tissue Increased adipose tissue 03 medical and health sciences Random Allocation Animal science Respiratory Rate Stress Physiological Genetics medicine Hyperinsulinemia Animals Insulin Chemistry 0402 animal and dairy science Skin temperature 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences General Medicine medicine.disease 040201 dairy & animal science Heat stress Diet 030104 developmental biology Adipose Tissue Metabolism and Metabolomics Dietary Supplements Animal Science and Zoology Fatty acid composition Respiration rate Food Science |
Popis: | Heat stress (HS) negatively impacts several swine production variables, including carcass fat quality and quantity. Pigs reared in HS have more adipose tissue than energetically predicted, explainable, in part, by HS-induced hyperinsulinemia. Study objectives were to evaluate insulin’s role in altering fat characteristics during HS via feeding insulin-sensitizing compounds. Forty crossbred barrows (113 ± 9 kg BW) were randomly assigned to one of five environment by diet treatments: 1) thermoneutral (TN) fed ad libitum (TNAL), 2) TN and pair-fed (TNPF), 3) HS fed ad libitum (HSAL), 4) HS fed ad libitum with sterculic oil (SO) supplementation (HSSO; 13 g/d), and 5) HS fed ad libitum with dietary chromium (Cr) supplementation (HSCr; 0.5 mg/d; Kemin Industries, Des Moines, IA). The study consisted of three experimental periods (P). During P0 (2 d), all pigs were exposed to TN conditions (23 ± 3 °C, 68 ± 10% RH) and fed ad libitum. During P1 (7 d), all pigs received their respective dietary supplements, were maintained in TN conditions, and fed ad libitum. During P2 (21 d), HSAL, HSSO, and HSCr pigs were fed ad libitum and exposed to cyclical HS conditions (28 to 33 °C, 58 ± 10% RH). The TNAL and TNPF pigs remained in TN conditions and were fed ad libitum or pair-fed to their HSAL counterparts. Rectal temperature (T(R)), respiration rate (RR), and skin temperature (T(S)) were obtained daily at 0600 and 1800 h. At 1800 h, HS exposed pigs had increased T(R), RR, and T(S) relative to TNAL controls (1.13 °C, 48 bpm, and 3.51 °C, respectively; P < 0.01). During wk 2 and 3 of P2, HSSO pigs had increased 1800 h T(R) relative to HSAL and HSCr (~0.40 and ~0.42 °C, respectively; P ≤ 0.05). Heat stress decreased ADFI and ADG compared to TNAL pigs (2.24 vs. 3.28 and 0.63 vs. 1.09 kg/d, respectively; P < 0.01) and neither variable was affected by SO or Cr supplementation. Heat stress increased or tended to increase moisture content of abdominal (7.7 vs. 5.9%; P = 0.07) and inner s.c. (11.4 vs. 9.8%; P < 0.05) adipose depots compared to TNAL controls. Interestingly, TNPF pigs also had increased adipose tissue moisture content and this was most pronounced in the outer s.c. depot (15.0 vs. 12.2%; P < 0.01) compared to TNAL pigs. Heat stress had little or no effect on fatty acid composition of abdominal, inner, and outer s.c. adipose tissue depots. In summary, the negative effects of HS on fat quality do not appear to be fatty acid composition related, but may be explained by increased adipose tissue moisture content. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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