Climate and carbon-cycle variability over the last millennium
Autor: | Jungclaus, J. H., Lorenz, S. J., Timmreck, C., Reick, C. H., Brovkin, V., Six, K., Segschneider, J., Giorgetta, M. A., Crowley, T. J., Pongratz, J., Krivova, N. A., Vieira, L. E., Solanki, S. K., Klocke, D., Botzet, M., Esch, M., Gayler, V., Haak, H., Raddatz, T. J., Roeckner, E., Schnur, R., Widmann, H., Claussen, M., Stevens, B., Marotzke, J. |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2010 |
Předmět: |
lcsh:GE1-350
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences lcsh:Environmental pollution 13. Climate action lcsh:Environmental protection 0103 physical sciences lcsh:TD172-193.5 lcsh:TD169-171.8 010303 astronomy & astrophysics 01 natural sciences lcsh:Environmental sciences 0105 earth and related environmental sciences |
Zdroj: | Climate of the Past Discussions Climate of the Past, Vol 6, Iss 5, Pp 723-737 (2010) Jungclaus, J H, Lorenz, S J, Timmreck, C, Reick, C H, Brovkin, V, Six, K, Segschneider, J, Giorgetta, M A, Crowley, T J, Pongratz, J, Krivova, N A, Vieira, L E, Solanki, S K, Klocke, D, Botzet, M, Esch, M, Gayler, V, Haak, H, Raddatz, T J, Roeckner, E, Schnur, R, Widmann, H, Claussen, M, Stevens, B & Marotzke, J 2010, ' Climate and carbon-cycle variability over the last millennium ', Climate of the Past, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 723-737 . https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-723-2010 Climate of the Past |
ISSN: | 1814-9359 1814-9332 |
DOI: | 10.5194/cpd-6-1009-2010 |
Popis: | A long-standing task in climate research has been to distinguish between anthropogenic climate change and natural climate variability. A prerequisite for fulfilling this task is the understanding of the relative roles of external drivers and internal variability of climate and the carbon cycle. Here, we present the first ensemble simulations over the last 1200 years with a comprehensive Earth system model including a fully interactive carbon cycle. Applying up-to-date reconstructions of external forcing including the recent low-amplitude estimates of solar variations, the ensemble simulations reproduce temperature evolutions consistent with the range of reconstructions. The 20th-century warming trend stands out against all pre-industrial trends within the ensemble. Volcanic eruptions are necessary to explain variations in pre-industrial climate such as the Little Ice Age; yet only the strongest, repeated eruptions lead to cooling trends that stand out against the internal variability across all ensemble members. The simulated atmospheric CO2 concentrations exhibit a stable carbon cycle over the pre-industrial era with multi-centennial variations somewhat smaller than in the observational records. Early land-cover changes have modulated atmospheric CO2 concentrations only slightly. We provide a model-based quantification of the sensitivity (termed γ) of the global carbon cycle to temperature for a variety of climate and forcing conditions. The magnitude of γ agrees with a recent statistical assessment based on reconstruction data. We diagnose a distinct dependence of γ on the forcing strength and time-scales involved, thus providing an explanation for the systematic difference in the observational estimates for different segments of the last millennium. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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