Effect of heat-treated canola meal and glycerol inclusion on performance and gastrointestinal development of Holstein calves
Autor: | B. Laarveld, Paweł Górka, G. B. Penner, K. Burakowska, C. Kent-Dennis, Z.M. Kowalski |
---|---|
Rok vydání: | 2020 |
Předmět: |
Glycerol
Male Rumen Food Handling Ileum Weaning Jejunum 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Animal science Starter Genetics medicine Animals Dry matter 030304 developmental biology chemistry.chemical_classification 0303 health sciences Chemistry Abomasum Body Weight Brassica napus 0402 animal and dairy science Fatty acid 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences Fatty Acids Volatile Animal Feed 040201 dairy & animal science Small intestine Diet Gastrointestinal Tract medicine.anatomical_structure Fermentation Cattle Digestion Animal Science and Zoology Food Science |
Zdroj: | Journal of Dairy Science. 103:7998-8019 |
ISSN: | 0022-0302 |
Popis: | The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of using heat-treated canola meal (CM) and glycerol inclusion in starter mixtures on starter intake, growth, and gastrointestinal tract development in Holstein bull calves. In the first study, a protocol for the heat treatment of CM was evaluated by comparing commercial CM that was exposed to 0, 100, 110, or 120°C of heat treatment for 10 min. Following heat treatment, in situ crude protein (CP) ruminal degradability and estimated intestinal CP digestibility were assessed. It was observed that the degradable fractions of dry matter and CP in CM decreased linearly with increasing temperature of heat treatment. The estimated intestinal CP digestibility was greatest when CM was heated to 110°C. In the second study, 28 bull calves were used in a randomized complete block design. Calves were fed pelleted starters containing CM or CM that was heat-treated to 110°C for 10 min. Diets also contained 0 or 5% glycerol on a dry matter basis. The study lasted 51 d, ending on the first day of weaning. Starter intake, average daily gain (ADG), ruminal short-chain fatty acid concentrations, morphology of the rumen and small intestine, gene expression (MCT1, GPR41, GPR43, UTB, AQP3, PEPT1, PEPT2, ATB0+, and EAAC1) in the ruminal, jejunal, and ileal epithelium, and brush border enzyme activities in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were investigated. Few interactions between heat-treated CM and glycerol inclusion were observed. Feeding heat-treated CM did not affect starter intake. However, feeding heat-treated CM to calves tended to reduce ADG and decreased the weight of ruminal and jejunal tissue. Heat treatment did not affect gene expression or brush border enzyme activities in the small intestine. Glycerol inclusion tended to increase cumulative starter intake and increased cumulative body weight gain. Use of glycerol reduced ruminal pH and increased the concentration of ruminal short-chain fatty acids. Additionally, glycerol inclusion increased abomasal, duodenal, jejunal, and cecal digesta weights and tended to increase the weight of the jejunal tissue. Glycerol supplementation tended to downregulate the expression of MCT1 in the ruminal epithelium, and upregulated the expression of MCT1 in the epithelium of proximal jejunum. In conclusion, heat treatment of CM may negatively affect calf growth and gastrointestinal tract development. Glycerol inclusion may increase starter intake, ADG, ruminal fermentation, and intestinal development in calves when CM is used as a main source of protein in pelleted starter mixture. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
Externí odkaz: |