Dimensions and interactions of large T-cell surface proteins
| Autor: | Simon J. Davis, Victoria Junghans, Ana Filipa L.O.M. Santos, Peter Jönsson, Yuan Lui |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy
0301 basic medicine Mini Review T cell Immunology Receptors Antigen T-Cell hydrodynamic trapping Cell Communication 02 engineering and technology Protein tyrosine phosphatase Protein aggregation Lymphocyte Activation Hydrodynamic trapping protein interactions Protein–protein interaction 03 medical and health sciences medicine Humans Immunology and Allergy CD45 glycoproteins chemistry.chemical_classification Crystallography Leukosialin Chemistry Cell Membrane T-cell receptor protein dimensions 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology Molecular Imaging Molecular Weight kinetic-segregation model 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure Microscopy Fluorescence Membrane protein Biophysics Leukocyte Common Antigens lcsh:RC581-607 0210 nano-technology Glycoprotein |
| Zdroj: | Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 9 (2018) Frontiers in Immunology |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02215 |
| Popis: | The first step of the adaptive immune response involves the interaction of T cells that express T-cell receptors (TCRs) with peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complexes expressed by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Exactly how this leads to activation of the TCR and to downstream signaling is uncertain, however. Recent findings suggest that one of the key events is the exclusion of the large receptor-type tyrosine phosphatase CD45, from close contacts formed at sites of T-cell/APC interaction. If this is true, a full understanding of how close contact formation leads to signaling would require insights into the structures of, and interactions between, large membrane proteins like CD45 and other proteins forming the glycocalyx, such as CD43. Structural insights into the overall dimensions of these proteins using crystallographic methods are hard to obtain, and their conformations on the cell surface are also unknown. Several imaging-based optical microscopy techniques have however been developed for analyzing protein dimensions and orientation on model cell surfaces with nanometer precision. Here we review some of these methods with a focus on the use of hydrodynamic trapping, which relies on liquid flow from a micropipette to move and trap membrane-associated fluorescently labeled molecules. Important insights that have been obtained include (i) how protein flexibility and coverage might affect the effective heights of these molecules, (ii) the height of proteins on the membrane as a key parameter determining how they will distribute in cell-cell contacts, and (iii) how repulsive interactions between the extracellular parts of the proteins influences protein aggregation and distribution. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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