Photosynthesis in the fleeting shadows: an overlooked opportunity for increasing crop productivity?
| Autor: | Steven J. Burgess, Yu Wang, Stephen P. Long, Elsa M. de Becker |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Crops
Agricultural 0106 biological sciences 0301 basic medicine Canopy NPQ Rubisco activase Light Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase stomata Population photosynthetic induction Plant Science Photosynthesis Models Biological 01 natural sciences Crop productivity Crop 03 medical and health sciences leaf canopy Carbon assimilation wheat Genetics soybean education education.field_of_study photoinhibition biology fungi RuBisCO photosystem II food and beverages Assimilation (biology) food security Cell Biology non‐photochemical quenching Photochemical Processes Crop Production 030104 developmental biology Agronomy SI Advances in Photosynthesis Soybean Proteins biology.protein crop breeding Illinois Soybeans 010606 plant biology & botany |
| Zdroj: | The Plant Journal |
| ISSN: | 1365-313X 0960-7412 |
| DOI: | 10.1111/tpj.14663 |
| Popis: | Summary Photosynthesis measurements are traditionally taken under steady‐state conditions; however, leaves in crop fields experience frequent fluctuations in light and take time to respond. This slow response reduces the efficiency of carbon assimilation. Transitions from low to high light require photosynthetic induction, including the activation of Rubisco and the opening of stomata, whereas transitions from high to low light require the relaxation of dissipative energy processes, collectively known as non‐photochemical quenching (NPQ). Previous attempts to assess the impact of these delays on net carbon assimilation have used simplified models of crop canopies, limiting the accuracy of predictions. Here, we use ray tracing to predict the spatial and temporal dynamics of lighting for a rendered mature Glycine max (soybean) canopy to review the relative importance of these delays on net cumulative assimilation over the course of both a sunny and a cloudy summer day. Combined limitations result in a 13% reduction in crop carbon assimilation on both sunny and cloudy days, with induction being more important on cloudy than on sunny days. Genetic variation in NPQ relaxation rates and photosynthetic induction in parental lines of a soybean nested association mapping (NAM) population was assessed. Short‐term NPQ relaxation ( Significance Statement Improved photosynthetic efficiency is a means to achieve the sustainable crop yield increases that are a projected need for ensuring global food security over the next 30 years. Improving photosynthetic efficiency during fluctuating light in the field is shown from theory and from measured variability within crop germplasm a potential route to breeding higher efficiency. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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