Neutrophils in respiratory viral infections
Autor: | Freja C M Kirsebom, Cecilia Johansson |
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Přispěvatelé: | Wellcome Trust, Cancer Research UK, Rosetrees Trust |
Rok vydání: | 2020 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Neutrophils Immunology Cell Communication Review Article Adaptive Immunity Virus Replication Respirovirus Infections Severity of Illness Index Respirovirus 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Immune system Immunopathology medicine Bystander effect Immunology and Allergy Animals Humans Respiratory system 11 Medical and Health Sciences Disease Resistance Innate immune system Lung Science & Technology Effector business.industry Coinfection 06 Biological Sciences Immunity Innate 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure Viral replication Neutrophil Infiltration 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Host-Pathogen Interactions Cytokines Disease Susceptibility business Life Sciences & Biomedicine Biomarkers |
Zdroj: | Mucosal Immunology |
Popis: | Viral respiratory infections are a common cause of severe disease, especially in infants, people who are immunocompromised, and in the elderly. Neutrophils, an important innate immune cell, infiltrate the lungs rapidly after an inflammatory insult. The most well-characterized effector mechanisms by which neutrophils contribute to host defense are largely extracellular and the involvement of neutrophils in protection from numerous bacterial and fungal infections is well established. However, the role of neutrophils in responses to viruses, which replicate intracellularly, has been less studied. It remains unclear whether and, by which underlying immunological mechanisms, neutrophils contribute to viral control or confer protection against an intracellular pathogen. Furthermore, neutrophils need to be tightly regulated to avoid bystander damage to host tissues. This is especially relevant in the lung where damage to delicate alveolar structures can compromise gas exchange with life-threatening consequences. It is inherently less clear how neutrophils can contribute to host immunity to viruses without causing immunopathology and/or exacerbating disease severity. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current understanding of how neutrophils in the lung direct immune responses to viruses, control viral replication and spread, and cause pathology during respiratory viral infections. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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