Pharmacogenomics and Opioid Use Disorder: Clinical Decision Support in an African American Cohort
Autor: | Ginikannwa Ezeude, Jayla Briggs, Edwin Chapman, Mary K. Maneno, Casey Walker, Earl B. Ettienne, Simisola Williams, Adaku Ofoegbu |
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Rok vydání: | 2019 |
Předmět: |
Male
medicine.medical_specialty Narcotic Antagonists Cohort Studies Naloxone Internal medicine Opiate Substitution Treatment medicine Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Humans Dosing Alleles Retrospective Studies Dose-Response Relationship Drug business.industry Retrospective cohort study Opioid overdose Opioid use disorder General Medicine Middle Aged Decision Support Systems Clinical Opioid-Related Disorders medicine.disease Black or African American Phenotype Pharmacogenetics Pharmacogenomics Cohort Female Buprenorphine Naloxone Drug Combination business medicine.drug Buprenorphine |
Zdroj: | Journal of the National Medical Association. 111:674-681 |
ISSN: | 0027-9684 |
Popis: | Opioid use disorder (OUD) constitutes a significant public health burden as opioid overdose deaths have continued to rise in the United States. Although treatment modalities are available to manage OUD, some patients experience challenges achieving their OUD management goals. Some of these challenges may be attributable to inherited genetic variations, or polymorphisms, on the genes that code for proteins impacting the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of medications used in OUD management. Clinical pharmacogenomics testing can elucidate these polymorphisms; however, a lack of real-world evidence for the use of pharmacogenomics in OUD management complicates the implementation process. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 113 patients undergoing buprenorphine-based OUD management in Northeast Washington D.C. to determine if clinical pharmacogenomics testing for CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 would impact treatment outcomes. Data were collected from the electronic medical record (EMR) from December 30, 2015 to December 31, 2016. Study outcomes were based on presence of withdrawal symptoms, instances of unauthorized substances in urine drug tests (UDTs), and sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone (SBN) dose with standard-of-care (SOC) dosing versus pharmacogenomics (PGx)-based dosing. Pearson correlation tests, Wilcoxon signed rank tests, Wilcoxon rank sum tests, and one-way ANOVA tests were used. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to assess predictors of withdrawal symptomatology. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were used to assess time to first withdrawal. Our research suggests that patients with at least one copy of the CYP3A4*1B allele exhibit an accelerated rate of metabolism compared to the wild-type allele CYP3A4*1. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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