Combined peripheral and central nervous system demyelination post-COVID-19 vaccination: A case report

Autor: Fatma AlKolfat, Amr Elfatatry, Jaidaa Mekky, Ahmed S. Aly
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2022
Předmět:
CT
computerized tomography
CD
cluster of differentiation
IgG
immunoglobulin G
OCB
oligoclonal bands
INF-γ
interferon-γ
SWI
susceptibility-weighted imaging
ChAdOx1
a chimpanzee (Ch) adenovirus-vectored vaccine (Ad)
which was developed by the University of Oxford (Ox)
NCS
nerve conduction study
CSF
cerebrospinal fluid
Article
MS
multiple sclerosis
PCR
polymerase chain reaction
FLAIR
Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
NMO
neuromyelitis optica
COVID-19
coronavirus disease 2019
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
GBS
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
AstraZeneca vaccine
T2
T2 weighted
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)
COVID-19 vaccine adverse events
CRP
C-reactive protein
CV
cervical vertebra
COVID-19 vaccine
central demyelination
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
TNF- α
tumour necrosis factor-α
WBC
white blood cell
Zdroj: Neuroimmunology Reports
ISSN: 2667-257X
Popis: Background During the era of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, various neurological syndromes were reported during or after the infection. Fortunately, efforts were made to successfully develop various vaccines with high efficacy and safety. Despite the promising results of those vaccines, they are too novel to be fully understood. Here we are shedding light on a neurological case presentation that may be attributed to one of the COVID-19 vaccines. Case presentation A 23-year-old male patient with no prior comorbidities presented with quadriparesis and numbness that were clinically and electrophysiologically consistent with Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS). The condition started 10 days after the first dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine. Moreover, MRI of the brain and spinal cord has shown evidence of non-specific central demyelination. Despite the radiological finding, the patient is not fulfilling the diagnosis of a known demyelination disorder and the lesions regressed on follow-up. Since no better explanation or trigger could be found, a post-vaccination immune-mediated reaction was considered. Conclusion We still cannot assume the certainty of the causality association between the vaccine and the neurological presentation. Meanwhile, we suggest vigilance for cases of GBS or myelitis following vaccination for Covid-19 and that post-vaccination surveillance programs ensure a statistically significant tool to prove or dispsrove the causality.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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