Hypercalcitoninemia is not Pathognomonic of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
| Autor: | Joya E. M. Correia-Deur, Marcos Tavares, Sergio P. A. Toledo, Delmar M. Lourenço, Rodrigo A. Toledo, Marcelo A. C. G. Dos Santos |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2009 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Risk Calcitonin Thyroid nodules endocrine system Pathology medicine.medical_specialty Goiter endocrine system diseases medicine.medical_treatment Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 Review Diagnosis Differential Thyroid carcinoma Biomarkers Tumor medicine Humans False-positive test Thyroid Neoplasms Total thyroidectomy lcsh:R5-920 business.industry Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Thyroid Thyroidectomy General Medicine RET mutation medicine.disease medicine.anatomical_structure Medullary carcinoma Carcinoma Medullary Female lcsh:Medicine (General) business |
| Zdroj: | Clinics; v. 64 n. 7 (2009); 699-706 Clinics; Vol. 64 Núm. 7 (2009); 699-706 Clinics; Vol. 64 No. 7 (2009); 699-706 Clinics Universidade de São Paulo (USP) instacron:USP Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) Clinics, Volume: 64, Issue: 7, Pages: 699-706, Published: 2009 Clinics, Vol 64, Iss 7, Pp 699-706 (2009) |
| ISSN: | 1807-5932 1980-5322 |
| Popis: | Hypercalcitoninemia has frequently been reported as a marker for medullary thyroid carcinoma. Currently, calcitonin measurements are mostly useful in the evaluation of tumor size and progression, and as an index of biochemical improvement of medullary thyroid carcinomas. Although measurement of calcitonin is a highly sensitive method for the detection of medullary thyroid carcinoma, it presents a low specificity for this tumor. Several physiologic and pathologic conditions other than medullary thyroid carcinoma have been associated with increased levels of calcitonin. Several cases of thyroid nodules associated with increased values of calcitonin are not medullary thyroid carcinomas, but rather are related to other conditions, such as hypercalcemias, hypergastrinemias, neuroendocrine tumors, renal insufficiency, papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas, and goiter. Furthermore, prolonged treatment with omeprazole (2-4 months), beta-blockers, glucocorticoids and potential secretagogues, have been associated with hypercalcitoninemia. An association between calcitonin levels and chronic auto-immune thyroiditis remains controversial. Patients with calcitonin levels100 pg/mL have a high risk for medullary thyroid carcinoma (approximately 90%-100%), whereas patients with values from 10 to 100 pg/mL (normal values:8.5 pg/mL for men,5.0 pg/mL for women; immunochemiluminometric assay) have a25% risk for medullary thyroid carcinoma.In multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2), RET mutation analysis is the gold-standard for the recommendation of total preventive thyroidectomy to relatives at risk of harboring a germline RET mutation (50%). False-positive calcitonin results within MEN2 families have led to incorrect indications of preventive total thyroidectomy to RET mutation negative relatives. In this review, we focus on the differential diagnosis of hypercalcitoninemia, underlining its importance for the avoidance of misdiagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma and consequent incorrect recommendation for thyroid surgery. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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