The acute effect of fasted exercise on energy intake, energy expenditure, subjective hunger and gastrointestinal hormone release compared to fed exercise in healthy individuals: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
| Autor: | James Frampton, Henry B. Ogden, Javier T. Gonzalez, Edward S. Chambers, Robert M. Edinburgh |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
FOOD-INTAKE
medicine.medical_specialty Hunger Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism Energy balance BREAKFAST OMISSION Medicine (miscellaneous) Acute effect Review Article APPETITE REGULATION COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE Gastrointestinal Hormones Endocrinology & Metabolism Internal medicine Medicine Humans Obesity Exercise 11 Medical and Health Sciences METABOLIC-RESPONSES Nutrition Meal Science & Technology Nutrition and Dietetics Nutrition & Dietetics business.industry FED-STATE digestive oral and skin physiology Fasting medicine.disease PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY Endocrinology Gastrointestinal hormone FAT BALANCE Meta-analysis Healthy individuals Peptide YY business Energy Intake Energy Metabolism Life Sciences & Biomedicine 13 Education |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Obesity (2005) |
| ISSN: | 1476-5497 |
| Popis: | Objective To determine the acute effect of fasted and fed exercise on energy intake, energy expenditure, subjective hunger and gastrointestinal hormone release. Methods CENTRAL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched to identify randomised, crossover studies in healthy individuals that compared the following interventions: (i) fasted exercise with a standardised post-exercise meal [FastEx + Meal], (ii) fasted exercise without a standardised post-exercise meal [FastEx + NoMeal], (iii) fed exercise with a standardised post-exercise meal [FedEx + Meal], (iv) fed exercise without a standardised post-exercise meal [FedEx + NoMeal]. Studies must have measured ad libitum meal energy intake, within-lab energy intake, 24-h energy intake, energy expenditure, subjective hunger, acyl-ghrelin, peptide YY, and/or glucagon-like peptide 1. Random-effect network meta-analyses were performed for outcomes containing ≥5 studies. Results 17 published articles (23 studies) were identified. Ad libitum meal energy intake was significantly lower during FedEx + Meal compared to FedEx + NoMeal (MD: −489 kJ; 95% CI, −898 to −80 kJ; P = 0.019). Within-lab energy intake was significantly lower during FastEx + NoMeal compared to FedEx + NoMeal (MD: −1326 kJ; 95% CI, −2102 to −550 kJ; P = 0.001). Similarly, 24-h energy intake following FastEx + NoMeal was significantly lower than FedEx + NoMeal (MD: −2095 kJ; 95% CI, −3910 kJ to −280 kJ; P = 0.024). Energy expenditure was however significantly lower during FastEx + NoMeal compared to FedEx+NoMeal (MD: −0.67 kJ/min; 95% CI, −1.10 to −0.23 kJ/min; P = 0.003). Subjective hunger was significantly higher during FastEx + Meal (MD: 13 mm; 95% CI, 5–21 mm; P = 0.001) and FastEx + NoMeal (MD: 23 mm; 95% CI, 16–30 mm; P Conclusion FastEx + NoMeal appears to be the most effective strategy to produce a short-term decrease in energy intake, but also results in increased hunger and lowered energy expenditure. Concerns regarding experimental design however lower the confidence in these findings, necessitating future research to rectify these issues when investigating exercise meal timing and energy balance. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020208041. Key points Fed exercise with a standardised post-exercise meal resulted in the lowest energy intake at the ad libitum meal served following exercise completion. Fasted exercise without a standardised post-exercise meal resulted in the lowest within-lab and 24-h energy intake, but also produced the lowest energy expenditure and highest hunger. Methodological issues lower the confidence in these findings and necessitate future work to address identified problems |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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