Higher Activities of Defense-Associated Enzymes may Contribute to Greater Resistance of Manchurian Ash to Emerald Ash Borer Than A closely Related and Susceptible Congener
| Autor: | Chad M. Rigsby, Don Cipollini, Pierluigi Bonello, Daniel A. Herms |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Antioxidant medicine.medical_treatment Fraxinus complex mixtures 01 natural sciences Biochemistry Polyphenol oxidase chemistry.chemical_compound Emerald ash borer Species Specificity Botany medicine Animals Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Methyl jasmonate biology technology industry and agriculture Water Hydrogen Peroxide General Medicine biology.organism_classification Enzymes Coleoptera 010602 entomology chemistry Chitinase biology.protein Phloem Trypsin Inhibitors 010606 plant biology & botany Peroxidase |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Chemical Ecology. 42:782-792 |
| ISSN: | 1573-1561 0098-0331 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s10886-016-0736-5 |
| Popis: | Emerald ash borer (EAB) is an invasive beetle native to Asia that infests and kills ash (Fraxinus spp.) in North America. Previous experiments indicated that larvae feeding on co-evolved, resistant Manchurian ash (F. mandshurica) have increased antioxidant and quinone-protective enzyme activities compared to larvae feeding on susceptible North American species. Here, we examined mechanisms of host-generated oxidative and quinone-based stress and other putative defenses in Manchurian ash and the closely related and chemically similar, but susceptible, black ash (F. nigra), with and without exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) to induce resistance mechanisms. Peroxidase activities were 4.6-13.3 times higher in Manchurian than black ash, although both species appeared to express the same three peroxidase isozymes. Additionally, peroxidase-mediated protein cross-linking activity was stronger in Manchurian ash. Polyphenol oxidase, β-glucosidase, chitinase, and lipoxygenase activities also were greater in Manchurian ash, but only lipoxygenase activity increased with MeJA application. Phloem H2O2 levels were similar and were increased by MeJA application in both species. Lastly, trypsin inhibitor activity was detected in methanol and water extracts that were not allowed to oxidize, indicating the presence of phenolic-based trypsin inhibitors. However, no proteinaceous trypsin inhibitor activity was detected in either species. In response to MeJA application, Manchurian ash had higher trypsin inhibitor activity than black ash using the unoxidized water extracts, but no treatment effects were detected using methanol extracts. Based on these results we hypothesize that peroxidases, lignin polymerization, and quinone generation contribute to the greater resistance to EAB displayed by Manchurian ash. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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