Biological Markers of Environmental and Ecological Contamination: An Overview
| Autor: | John F. McCarthy, Halbrook Rs, Lee Shugart |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 1992 |
| Předmět: |
Risk
Pollutant Ecology Animal health Population structure Environmental Exposure Contamination Biology chemistry.chemical_compound chemistry Physiology (medical) Ecological significance Animals Biomarker (medicine) Bioassay Safety Risk Reliability and Quality Xenobiotic Biomarkers Environmental Monitoring |
| Zdroj: | Risk Analysis. 12:353-360 |
| ISSN: | 1539-6924 0272-4332 |
| DOI: | 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1992.tb00687.x |
| Popis: | An approach, using biomarkers (biological responses) for assessing the biological and ecological significance of contaminants present in the environment is described. Living organisms integrate exposure to contaminants in their environment and respond in some measurable and predictable way. Responses are observed at several levels of biological organization from the biomolecular level, where pollutants can cause damage to critical cellular macromolecules and elicit defensive strategies such as detoxication and repair mechanisms, to the organismal level, where severe disturbances are manifested as impairment in growth, reproduction, developmental abnormalities, or decreased survival. Biomarkers can provide not only evidence of exposure to a broad spectrum of anthropogenic chemicals, but also a temporally integrated measure of bioavailable contaminant levels. A suite of biomarkers are evaluated over time to determine the magnitude of the problem and possible consequences. Relationships between biomarker response and adverse ecological effects are determined from estimates of animal health and population structure. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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