Transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms underlying astrocyte identity
| Autor: | Simone P. Niclou, Noel J. Buckley, Maria Angeliki S. Pavlou, Luc Grandbarbe, Alessandro Michelucci |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Transcription Genetic Neurogenesis Biochemistry biophysics & molecular biology [F05] [Life sciences] Biology Epigenesis Genetic 03 medical and health sciences Astrocyte differentiation 0302 clinical medicine Epigenetic modifications medicine Animals Humans Epigenetics Biochimie biophysique & biologie moléculaire [F05] [Sciences du vivant] General Neuroscience Cell Differentiation Transcriptional mechanisms medicine.disease Cellular Reprogramming Neural stem cell Astrogliosis Reactive astrogliosis 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure Astrocytes Genetics & genetic processes [F10] [Life sciences] Génétique & processus génétiques [F10] [Sciences du vivant] Reprogramming Neural development Neuroscience 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Function (biology) Astrocyte |
| Zdroj: | Progress in Neurobiology |
| Popis: | Astrocytes play a significant role in coordinating neural development and provide critical support for the function of the CNS. They possess important adaptation capacities that range from their transition towards reactive astrocytes to their ability to undergo reprogramming, thereby revealing their potential to retain latent features of neural progenitor cells. We propose that the mechanisms underlying reactive astrogliosis or astrocyte reprogramming provide an opportunity for initiating neuronal regeneration, a process that is notably reduced in the mammalian nervous system throughout evolution. Conversely, this plasticity may also affect normal astrocytic functions resulting in pathologies ranging from neurodevelopmental disorders to neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumors. We postulate that epigenetic mechanisms linking extrinsic cues and intrinsic transcriptional programs are key factors to maintain astrocyte identity and function, and critically, to control the balance of regenerative and degenerative activity. Here, we will review the main evidences supporting this concept. We propose that unravelling the epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms underlying the acquisition of astrocyte identity and plasticity, as well as understanding how these processes are modulated by the local microenvironment under specific threatening or pathological conditions, may pave the way to new therapeutic avenues for several neurological disorders including neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumors of astrocytic lineage. publishedVersion |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|