Development of a 4-NQO toxic equivalency factor (TEF) approach to enable a preliminary risk assessment of unknown genotoxic compounds detected by the Ames II test in UV/H2O2 water treatment samples
| Autor: | Paul K. Baggelaar, Yousif Alharbi, Bram J. Martijn, An R. Van Rompay, Joop C. Kruithof, Eric J.M. Penders, Ivonne M.C.M. Rietjens |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Environmental Engineering
Nitration Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis 0208 environmental biotechnology Portable water purification 02 engineering and technology 4-NQO 010501 environmental sciences medicine.disease_cause Toxicology 01 natural sciences Ames test medicine Environmental Chemistry Nitrate photolysis Toxic equivalency factor Carcinogen Toxicologie 0105 earth and related environmental sciences VLAG Chemistry Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health General Medicine General Chemistry Pollution 020801 environmental engineering Environmental chemistry Equivalent concentration Water treatment Genotoxicity Margin of exposure Risk assessment Medium pressure UV |
| Zdroj: | Chemosphere, 144, 338-345 Chemosphere 144 (2016) |
| ISSN: | 0045-6535 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.08.070 |
| Popis: | An approach to enable a preliminary risk assessment of unknown genotoxic compounds formed by MP UV/H2O2 treatment of nitrate rich water, is described. Since the identity and concentration of specific genotoxic compounds is not established yet, a compound specific risk assessment cannot be performed. This limitation is circumvented by introducing a toxic equivalency factor, converting the concentration of unknown genotoxic compounds expressed by an Ames II test response into equivalent concentrations of 4-nitroquinoline oxide (4-NQO), to enable a preliminary risk assessment. Based on the obtained 4-NQO equivalent concentrations for the tested water samples and 4-NQO carcinogenicity data, an indication of the associated risk of the by MP UV/H2O2 treatment produced nitrated genotoxic compounds is obtained via the margin of exposure (MOE) approach. Based on a carcinogen study by Tang et al. (2004), a body weight of 70 kg and a drinking water consumption of 2 L per day, the 4-NQO equivalent concentration should not exceed 80 ng/L associated with a negligible risk. Application of this approach on samples from MP UV/H2O2 treated water of a full scale drinking water production facility, a 4-NQO equivalent concentration of 107 ng/L was established. These results indicate a safety concern in case this water would be distributed as drinking water without further post treatment. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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