Hunting for open clusters in Gaia EDR3: $628$ new open clusters found with OCfinder

Autor: A. Castro-Ginard, C. Jordi, X. Luri, T. Cantat-Gaudin, J. M. Carrasco, L. Casamiquela, F. Anders, L. Balaguer-Núñez, R. M. Badia
Přispěvatelé: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Generalitat de Catalunya, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Arquitectura de Computadors, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. CAP - Grup de Computació d'Altes Prestacions
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
FOS: Physical sciences
Open clusters and association: general
Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Galaxy - disk
Galaxy: disk
Neural networks (Computer science)
Big data
Cluster analysis
Methods: data analysis
Xarxes neuronals (Informàtica)
data analysis [Methods]
Informàtica::Arquitectura de computadors [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC]
Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
general [Open clusters and association]
Open clusters and associations - general
general [Open clusters and associations]
Dades massives
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrometry
Galaxies
Methods - data analysis
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Anàlisi de conglomerats
Galàxies
Space and Planetary Science
Física::Astronomia i astrofísica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC]
Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
disk [Galaxy]
Zdroj: Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname
Astronomy & Astrophysics, 661:A118
UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2111.01819
Popis: [Context] The improvements in the precision of the published data in Gaia EDR3 with respect to Gaia DR2, particularly for parallaxes and proper motions, offer the opportunity to increase the number of known open clusters in the Milky Way by detecting farther and fainter objects that have thus far gone unnoticed. [Aims] Our aim is to continue to complete the open cluster census in the Milky Way with the detection of new stellar groups in the Galactic disc. We use Gaia EDR3 up to magnitude G = 18 mag, increasing the magnitude limit and therefore the search volume explored in one unit with respect to our previous studies. [Methods] We used the OCfinder method to search for new open clusters in Gaia EDR3 using a big data environment. As a first step, OCfinder identified stellar statistical overdensities in five-dimensional astrometric space (position, parallax, and proper motions) using the DBSCAN clustering algorithm. Then, these overdensities were classified into random statistical overdensities or real physical open clusters using a deep artificial neural network trained on well-characterised G, GBP - GRP colour-magnitude diagrams. [Results] We report the discovery of 628 new open clusters within the Galactic disc, with most of them being located beyond 1 kpc from the Sun. From the estimation of ages, distances, and line-of-sight extinctions of these open clusters, we see that young clusters align following the Galactic spiral arms while older ones are dispersed in the Galactic disc. Furthermore, we find that most open clusters are located at low Galactic altitudes with the exception of a few groups older than 1 Gyr. [Conclusions] We show the success of the OCfinder method leading to the discovery of a total of 1274 open clusters (joining the discoveries here with the previous ones based on Gaia DR2), which represents almost 50% of the known population. Our ability to perform big data searches on a large volume of the Galactic disc, together with the higher precision in Gaia EDR3, enable us to keep completing the census with the discovery of new open clusters.
This work was (partially) funded by the Spanish MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe” by the “European Union” through grant RTI2018-095076-B-C21, and the Institute of Cosmos Sciences University of Barcelona (ICCUB, Unidad de Excelencia ‘María de Maeztu’) through grant CEX2019-000918-M. A.C.G. acknowledges Spanish Ministry FPI fellowship n. BES-2016-078499. This work has been partially supported by the Spanish Government (PID2019-107255GB), by Generalitat de Catalunya (contract 2014-SGR-1051).
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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