Immune treatments for alcohol use disorder: A translational framework
| Autor: | Erica N. Grodin, Lindsay R. Meredith, Lara A. Ray, Elizabeth M. Burnette, Michael R. Irwin |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Alcohol use disorder
Bioinformatics Oral and gastrointestinal law.invention Behavioral Neuroscience Alcohol Use and Health Substance Misuse Medications development Randomized controlled trial Neuroinflammation law 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors Psychology Aetiology media_common Toll-Like Receptors Heavy alcohol use Alcoholism Mental health medicine.symptom Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions media_common.quotation_subject Neuroimmune modulator Immunology Addiction Inflammation Article Immune system medicine Animals Humans Neurology & Neurosurgery Ethanol 5.2 Cellular and gene therapies Endocrine and Autonomic Systems business.industry Mechanism (biology) Inflammatory and immune system Neurosciences medicine.disease Brain Disorders Good Health and Well Being Immune therapy Personalized medicine business |
| Zdroj: | Brain Behav Immun |
| Popis: | While the immune system is essential for survival, an excessive or prolonged inflammatory response, such as that resulting from sustained heavy alcohol use, can damage the host and contribute to psychiatric disorders. A growing body of literature indicates that the immune system plays a critical role in the development and maintenance of alcohol use disorder (AUD). As such, there is enthusiasm for treatments that can restore healthy levels of inflammation as a mechanism to reduce drinking and promote recovery. In this qualitative literature review, we provide a conceptual rationale for immune therapies and discuss progress in medications development for AUD focused on the immune system as a treatment target. This review is organized into sections based on primary signaling pathways targeted by the candidate therapies, namely: (a) toll-like receptors, (b) phosphodiesterase inhibitors, (c) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, (d) microglia and astrocytes, (e) other immune pharmacotherapies, and (f) behavioral therapies. As relevant within each section, we examine the basic biological mechanisms of each class of therapy and evaluate preclinical research testing the role of the therapy on mitigating alcohol-related behaviors in animal models. To the extent available, translational findings are reviewed with discussion of completed and ongoing randomized clinical trials and their findings to date. An applied and clinically focused approach is taken to identify the potential clinical applications of the various treatments reviewed. We conclude by delineating the most promising candidate treatments and discussing future directions by considering opportunities for immune treatment development and personalized medicine for AUD. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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