Exploration of the relationship between water main breaks and temperature covariates
| Autor: | Yehuda Kleiner, Jean-Eric Sink, Balvant Rajani |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2012 |
| Předmět: |
ductile iron pipes
corrosion pit pipe sampling condition assessment Hydrology Water mains Geography Planning and Development Breakage rate Late winter Conduites d'eau engineering.material Early winter Ductile iron Air temperature engineering Environmental science Cast iron Temperature drop Water Science and Technology |
| Zdroj: | Urban Water Journal. 9:67-84 |
| ISSN: | 1744-9006 1573-062X |
| DOI: | 10.1080/1573062x.2011.630093 |
| Popis: | Water utilities (especially in colder climates) often experience an increase in water main breaks in colder seasons. Some observers argue that this increase largely occurs during the period when there are sudden and prolonged changes in water and air temperatures, which typically occur during the late fall to early winter (temperature drop) and late winter to early spring periods (temperature rise). This paper examines the impact of temperature changes on observed pipe breakage rate for three pipe materials, namely, cast iron, ductile iron and galvanised steel. Several water and air temperature-based covariates were tested in conjunction with a non-homogeneous Poisson pipe break model to assess their impact on water main breaks, using data sets from three different water utilities in the USA and Canada. Temperature-based covariates, such as average mean air temperature, maximum air temperature increase and decrease, and how fast the air temperature increase and decrease over a specific period of days, wer... |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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