Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic assessment of electronic cigarettes, combustible cigarettes, and nicotine gum: implications for abuse liability
| Autor: | Bobbette A. Jones, Donald W. Graff, Mitchell F. Stiles, Reginald V. Fant, Jack E. Henningfield, Leanne R. Campbell |
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| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Subjective measures Nicotine Nicotine Chewing Gum Subjective effects Pharmacology toxicology Gingiva Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Pharmacology Risk Assessment Peak concentration 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Pharmacokinetics medicine Abuse liability Humans 030212 general & internal medicine Original Investigation Cross-Over Studies business.industry Tobacco Products Middle Aged Pharmacodynamics Nicotine gum Electronic cigarettes Nicotine pharmacokinetics Female business Product liking 030217 neurology & neurosurgery medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Psychopharmacology |
| ISSN: | 1432-2072 0033-3158 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s00213-017-4665-y |
| Popis: | Rationale Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are becoming popular alternatives for smokers, but there has been limited study of their abuse liability. Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the abuse liability of three Vuse Solo ECs, ranging from 14 to 36 mg in nicotine content, relative to high- and low-abuse liability comparator products (usual brand combustible cigarettes and nicotine gum, respectively) in a group of 45 EC-naïve smokers. Methods Enrolled subjects’ ratings of subjective effects and nicotine uptake over 6 h were used to measure abuse liability and pharmacokinetics following in-clinic use of each EC. Results Use of Vuse Solo resulted in subjective measures and nicotine uptake that were between those of combustible cigarettes and nicotine gum, although generally closer to nicotine gum. Compared to combustible cigarettes, use of Vuse Solo resulted in significantly lower scores in measures of product liking, positive effects, and intent to use again. These pharmacodynamic findings were consistent with the pharmacokinetic data, showing that cigarettes produced substantially faster and higher levels of nicotine uptake as compared to Vuse Solo and nicotine gum. Vuse Solo resulted in more rapid initial uptake of nicotine compared to nicotine gum, but peak concentration and long-term extent of uptake were not different or were lower with Vuse. Conclusions Collectively, these findings suggest that Vuse Solo likely has an abuse liability that is somewhat greater than nicotine gum but lower than cigarettes. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02269514 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4665-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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