Variation of female and male lineages in sub-Saharan populations: the importance of sociocultural factors
| Autor: | DESTRO-BISOL, Giovanni, Donati, Francesco, Coia, Valentina, Boschi, I., Verginelli, F., Caglia', Alessandra, Caglia, A., Tofanelli, S., Spedini, Gabriella, Capelli, C. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Mitochondrial DNA mtdna Population Biology hunter-gatherers Social Environment Y chromosome DNA Mitochondrial Haplogroup Gene flow Evolution Molecular Genetic drift Genetic variation Ethnicity Genetics Humans education Molecular Biology Africa South of the Sahara Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics education.field_of_study y chromosome food producers sub-saharan africa sociocultural factors Chromosomes Human Y Cultural Characteristics Models Genetic Genetic Variation Genetics Population Haplotypes Genetic structure Female Microsatellite Repeats |
| DOI: | 10.1093/molbev/msh186 |
| Popis: | In this paper, we present a study of genetic variation in sub-Saharan Africa, which is based on published and unpublished data on fast-evolving (hypervariable region 1 of mitochondrial DNA and six microsatellites of Y chromosome) and slow-evolving (haplogroup frequencies) polymorphisms of mtDNA and Y chromosome. Our study reveals a striking difference in the genetic structure of food-producer (Bantu and Sudanic speakers) and hunter-gatherer populations (Pygmies, Kung, and Hadza). In fact, the ratio of mtDNA to Y-chromosome Nupsilon is substantially higher in food producers than in hunter-gatherers as determined by fast-evolving polymorphisms (1.76 versus 0.11). This finding indicates that the two population groups differ substantially in female and male migration rate and/or effective size. The difference also persists when linguistically homogeneous populations are used and outlier populations are eliminated (1.78 vs 0.19) or when the jacknife procedure is applied to a paired population data set (1.32 to 7.84 versus 0.14 to 0.66). The higher ratio of mtDNA to Y-chromosome Nnu in food producers than in hunter-gatherers is further confirmed by the use of slow-evolving polymorphisms (1.59 to 7.91 versus 0.12 to 0.35). To explain these results, we propose a model that integrates demographic and genetic aspects and incorporates ethnographic knowledge. In such a model, the asymmetric gene flow, polyginy, and patrilocality play an important role in differentiating the genetic structure of sub-Saharan populations. The existence of an asymmetric gene flow is supported by the phylogeographic features of mtDNA and Y-chromosome haplogroups found in the two population groups. The role of polyginy and patrilocality is sustained by the evidence of a differential pressure of genetic drift and gene flow on maternal and paternal lineages of food producers and hunter-gatherers that is revealed through the analysis of mitochondrial and Y-chromosomal intrapopulational variation. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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