A mathematical solution to Peto’s paradox using Polya’s urn model: implications for the aetiology of cancer in general
| Autor: | Anastasio Salazar-Bañuelos |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Statistics and Probability
Aging Carcinogenesis Immunosenescence Lymphocyte Immunology Longevity Biology Bioinformatics Peto's paradox Mice 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Immune system Risk Factors Neoplasms medicine Animals Humans Lymphocytes Risk factor Pólya’s urn Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Organism Probability Cancer 030304 developmental biology 0303 health sciences Mechanism (biology) Incidence Applied Mathematics Models Theoretical medicine.disease Fanconi Anemia medicine.anatomical_structure Ageing Immune System Mutation Balaenoptera Original Article Algorithms 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Theory in Biosciences |
| ISSN: | 1611-7530 1431-7613 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s12064-019-00290-6 |
| Popis: | Ageing is the leading risk factor for the emergence of cancer in humans. Accumulation of pro-carcinogenic events throughout life is believed to explain this observation; however, the lack of direct correlation between the number of cells in an organism and cancer incidence, known as Peto’s Paradox, is at odds with this assumption. Finding the events responsible for this discrepancy can unveil mechanisms with potential uses in prevention and treatment of cancer in humans. On the other hand, the immune system is important in preventing the development of clinically relevant tumours by maintaining a fine equilibrium between reactive and suppressive lymphocyte clones. It is suggested here that the loss of this equilibrium is what ultimately leads to increased risk of cancer and to propose a mechanism for the changes in clonal proportions based on decreased proliferative capacity of lymphocyte clones as a natural phenomenon of ageing. This mechanism, being a function of the number of cells, provides an explanation for Peto’s Paradox. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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