Vaccine prophylaxis of abattoir-associated Q fever: eight years' experience in Australian abattoirs
| Autor: | B. Feery, M. Kyrkou, A. A. Izzo, B. P. Marmion, R. A. Ormsbee, R. A. Shapiro, J. Wright, D. A. Worswick, Adrian Esterman |
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| Rok vydání: | 1990 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Cellular immunity Epidemiology Q fever Coxiella Sex Factors Immunity South Australia Prevalence Humans Medicine Seroconversion Skin Tests biology business.industry Incidence Vaccination Age Factors Australia Coxiella burnetii biology.organism_classification medicine.disease Antibodies Bacterial Occupational Diseases Bacterial vaccine Infectious Diseases Vaccines Inactivated Immunization Bacterial Vaccines Immunology Female Queensland Q Fever business Abattoirs Research Article |
| Zdroj: | Scopus-Elsevier |
| ISSN: | 1469-4409 0950-2688 |
| Popis: | SUMMARYDuring the period 1981–8 a clinical trial of a Q fever vaccine (Q-vax; Commonwealth Serum Laboratories, Melbourne) has been conducted in abattoir workers and other at-risk groups in South Australia. Volunteers in four abattoirs and visitors to the abattoirs were given one subcutaneous dose of 30 μg of a formalin-inactivated, highly-purifiedCoxiella burnetiicells, Henzerling strain, Phase 1 antigenic state, in a volume of 0·5 ml.During the period, over 4000 subjects have been vaccinated and the programme continues in the abattoirs and related groups. ‘Common’ reactions to the vaccine comprised tenderness and erythema, rarely oedema at the inoculation site and sometimes transient headache. Two more serious ‘uncommon’ reactions, immune abscess at the inoculation site, were observed in two subjects, and two others developed small subcutaneous lumps which gradually dispersed without intervention.Protective efficacy of the vaccine appeared to be absolute and to last for 5 years at least. Eight Q fever cases were observed in vaccinees, but all were in persons vaccinated during the incubation period of a natural attack of Q fever before vaccine-induced immunity had had time (≥ 13 days after vaccination) to develop. On the other hand, 97 Q fever cases were detected in persons working in, or visiting the same abattoir environments.Assays for antibody and cellular immunity showed an 80–82% seroconversion after vaccination, mostly IgM antibody to Phase 2 antigen, in the 3 months after vaccination. This fell to about 60%, mostly IgG antibody to Phase 1 antigen, after 20 months. On the other hand, 85–95% of vaccinees developed markers of cell mediated immunity as judged by lymphoproliferative responses withC. burnetiiantigens; these rates remained elevated for at least 5 years.The Q fever vaccine, unlike other killed rickettsial vaccines, has the property of stimulating long-lasting T lymphocyte memory and this may account for its unusual protective efficacy as a killed vaccine. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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