Converting dead leaf biomass into activated carbon as a potential replacement for carbon black filler in rubber composites
| Autor: | Muhammad Khalil Abdullah, Raa Khimi Shuib, Arjulizan Rusli, Makara Lay, Zuratul Ain Abdul Hamid |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Materials science
Scanning electron microscope Natural rubber Activated carbon Carbon black Crosslink density Materialkemi 02 engineering and technology 010402 general chemistry 01 natural sciences Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Ultimate tensile strength medicine Materials Chemistry Composite material Curing (chemistry) Mechanical Engineering 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology 0104 chemical sciences Mechanics of Materials visual_art Particle-size distribution Ceramics and Composites visual_art.visual_art_medium 0210 nano-technology Pyrolysis medicine.drug |
| Popis: | In this work, the feasibility of converting dead leaf biomass into green activated carbon for use as a reinforcement filler in natural rubber composites was assessed. The dead leaf activated carbon (DLAC) was prepared by pyrolysis at 550, 700, 900, and 1000 degrees C at a heating rate of 10 degrees C min(-1) under nitrogen gas flow of 100 cm(3) min(-1) and was activated by CO2 gas at the same flow rate when the pyrolysis temperature was reached. The properties of DLACs were characterized by particle size analysis, density, scanning electron microscopy, elemental energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The results revealed that the DLAC obtained by pyrolysis at 1000 degrees C had a small particle size of 28.86 tint; a highly porous structure; high carbon purity, at 82.58%; and a low density, at 1.588 g cm(-3). The effect of different DLAC contents (5, 10, and 15 phr) on the curing properties and the physical and mechanical performance of the rubber composites was investigated and compared with rubber composites containing carbon black (CB). The results showed that the addition of DLAC increased the maximum torque and reduced the scorch and cure times. The tensile strength for rubber composites containing 15 phr of DLAC increased by 8%, the M100 and M300 improved 40%, and the elongation at break and crosslink density decreased by approximately 5% and 24%, respectively. The studied DLAC is a promising, cost-effective alternative to commercial carbon black for improving the performance of rubber composites. Funding Agencies|Universiti Sains Malaysia under Research University Incentive (RUI) [1001/PBAHAN/8014138] |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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