Immune activation and antibody responses in non-progressing elite controller individuals infected with HIV-1
| Autor: | Carlos A. Velasco-de-Castro, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Gonzalo Bello, Caio Augusto Santos Rodrigues, José Henrique Pilotto, Valdilea G. Veloso, Vera Bongertz, Carmem B. W. Giacoia-Gripp, Mariza G. Morgado |
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| Rok vydání: | 2009 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Male Antibody Affinity Viremia HIV Infections CD38 Biology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes HIV Antibodies Lymphocyte Activation HIV Long-Term Survivors Immune system Antigen Virology Immunopathology medicine Humans Avidity Middle Aged medicine.disease Infectious Diseases Humoral immunity Immunology Antibody Formation biology.protein HIV-1 Female Antibody beta 2-Microglobulin |
| Zdroj: | Journal of medical virology. 81(10) |
| ISSN: | 1096-9071 |
| Popis: | An extremely rare subset of patients infected with HIV-1 designated as "non-progressing elite controllers" appears to be able to maintain stable CD4(+) T-cell counts and a median plasma viremia below the detection limit of current ultrasensitive assays (50-80 copies/ml of plasma) for10 years in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. Lymphocyte subsets (CD4(+), CD8(+)), immune activation markers (HLA-DR(+), CD38(+), Beta-2-microglobulin), and HIV-specific antibody responses were longitudinally examined in four non-progressing elite controllers over more than 5 years. Two control groups of seronegative healthy individuals and untreated patients infected with HIV-1 presenting detectable viremia were also included. None of the non-progressing elite controllers displayed the high T-cell activation levels generally seen in the seropositive individuals, keeping them within the normal range. Three non-progressing elite controllers showed no significant immune system abnormalities when compared to seronegative individuals, displaying a low proportion of HIV-1-specific binding antibodies and low avidity index, similar to those observed for individuals infected recently with HIV-1. One non-progressing elite controller exhibited CD8(+) T-cell counts and beta2-M levels above normal ranges and developed a low but "mature" (high-avidity) HIV-1-specific antibody response. Thus, the non-progressing elite controllers are able to maintain normal T-cell activation levels, which may contribute to prevent, or greatly reduce, the damage of the immune system typically induced by the HIV-1 over time. They are, however, immunologically heterogeneous and very low levels of antigen exposure seem to occur in these patients, sufficient for sustaining a low, but detectable, HIV-1-specific immunity. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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