Deconstructing human-shaped treelines: Microsite topography and distance to seed source control Pinus nigra colonization of treeless areas in the Italian Apennines
| Autor: | Carlo Urbinati, J. Julio Camarero, Matteo Garbarino, Alessandro Vitali, Alma Piermattei |
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| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Secondary succession Monitoring 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Context (language use) European Black Pine Ecological succession Management Monitoring Policy and Law Pasture abandonment 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences Grassland Grazing pressure Anthropogenic treeline 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Nature and Landscape Conservation Black pine Mediterranean mountains Pine recruitment Forestry geography.geographical_feature_category Policy and Law biology Ecology Ecotone Microsite biology.organism_classification Management Geography |
| Zdroj: | Forest Ecology and Management. 406:37-45 |
| ISSN: | 0378-1127 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.foreco.2017.10.004 |
| Popis: | Human-shaped treelines are a common feature in mountain landscapes across Europe, and particularly in secularly managed Mediterranean high-elevation areas. The abandonment of traditional land use, and especially the reduction in grazing pressure at high elevations, triggered secondary succession in treeless grassland areas, and favored the upward shift of anthropogenic treelines in some cases. We investigated this process in four anthropogenic treeline ecotone sites in the Central Apennines, Italy, populated by European black pine (Pinus nigra Arn.). The upward treeline shift was controlled by microsite topography and the proximity to plantations acting as seed source. We found a 50% probability of producing cones in trees with basal diameters of 15–25 cm, heights of 2–5 m and ages of 20–25 years. The role played by climate on growth and the recruitment processes seems to be secondary, or could be masked by human-shaped processes. The presence of reproductive age trees at the treeline, mainly growing on debris-rich and steep slope sites, could indicate that the recruitment process will increase in future, leading to patchy tree patterns at different elevations. The high growth and encroachment rates observed at these human-shaped treelines would indicate that general growth dynamics are speeding up, including the tree colonization of treeless areas. These succession processes could cause a significant long-term decline in plant diversity in species-rich grasslands. Nonetheless, tree encroachment could increase forest protection against landslides and avalanches in the context of global change. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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