Absorption, transportation, and distribution of vitamin E homologs
| Autor: | Chikako Kiyose |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Very low-density lipoprotein
Lipoprotein lipase biology Chemistry Vitamin E medicine.medical_treatment CD36 alpha-Tocopherol Tocopherols food and beverages Adipose tissue Biochemistry Antioxidants Intestinal absorption Physiology (medical) Chylomicrons medicine biology.protein lipids (amino acids peptides and proteins) Lipoprotein Chylomicron |
| Zdroj: | Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 177:226-237 |
| ISSN: | 0891-5849 |
| Popis: | Vitamin E has eight different naturally occurring forms: four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. Because α-tocopherol has three asymmetric carbons, both natural α-tocopherol (RRR-α-tocopherol) and synthetic α-tocopherol (all-rac-α-tocopherol) are utilized in both pharmaceutical products and food additives. Therefore, determining the distribution of vitamin E in the body is very important. With regard to absorption, and transportation of vitamin E, it is suggested that the pathways mediated by three proteins (CD36, SR-BI, and NPC1L1) as well as passive diffusion affect absorption of vitamin E. Vitamin E homologs are mainly transported by very low−density lipoprotein (VLDL) with the α-tocopherol being recognized by the α-tocopherol transfer protein in liver. However, it is also suggested that chylomicrons (CMs) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are involved in transportation of vitamin E homologs from the small intestine to each section of peripheral tissue. In particular, it is speculated that vitamin E homologs transportation by CMs and HDL from enterocytes to peripheral tissues such as adipose tissue greatly affects the distribution of vitamin E homologs, excluding α-tocopherol. However, how lipoprotein lipase affects the incorporation of vitamin E homologs containing lipoprotein into peripheral tissues is unclear. Whether there is biodiscrimination when vitamin E homologs are incorporated into peripheral tissues from lipoprotein is an interesting question. It is likely that future research will reveal how individual vitamin E homologs are incorporated into peripheral tissue, especially the brain, adipose tissue, and skin. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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