Characteristics and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric aerosols in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
| Autor: | Zhenming（吉振明） Ji, Shichang（康世昌） Kang, Maheswar Rupakheti, Fangping Yan, Chaoliu（李潮流） Li, Mika Sillanpää, Quanlian Li, Wei Luo, Qianggong（张强弓） Zhang, Pengfei（陈鹏飞） Chen |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
Pollution
Wet season Environmental Engineering 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences media_common.quotation_subject Air pollution 010501 environmental sciences Monsoon medicine.disease_cause 01 natural sciences Risk Assessment Nepal Air Pollution 11. Sustainability medicine Environmental Chemistry Foothills Health risk Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Waste Management and Disposal 0105 earth and related environmental sciences media_common Aerosols Biomass (ecology) geography Air Pollutants Principal Component Analysis geography.geographical_feature_category Atmosphere Environmental engineering Particulates 13. Climate action Environmental chemistry Environmental science Particulate Matter Environmental Monitoring |
| Zdroj: | The science of the total environment |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.006 |
| Popis: | The Kathmandu Valley in the foothills of the Himalayas, where the capital city of Nepal is located, has one of the most serious air pollution problems in the world. In this study, total suspended particle (TSP) samples collected over a year (April 2013-March 2014) in the Kathmandu Valley were analyzed for determining the concentrations of 15 priority particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The TSP and PAH concentrations were extremely high, with annual average concentration being 199±124μg/m(3) and 155±130ng/m(3), respectively, which are comparable to those observed in Asian cities such as Beijing and Delhi. The TSP and PAH concentrations varied considerably, with the seasonal average concentration being maximal during the post-monsoon season followed by, in descending order, the winter, pre-monsoon, and monsoon seasons. In the winter and pre-monsoon seasons, ambient TSP and PAH concentrations increased because of emissions from brick kilns and the use of numerous small generators. Moreover, in the pre-monsoon season, forest fires in the surrounding regions influenced the TSP and PAH concentrations in the valley. PAHs with 4 to 6 rings constituted a predominant proportion (92.3-93.3%) of the total PAHs throughout the year. Evaluation of diagnostic molecular ratios indicated that the atmospheric PAHs in the Kathmandu Valley originated mainly from diesel and biomass combustion. The toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) of particle phase PAHs ranged between 2.74 and 81.5ngTEQ/m(3), which is considerably higher than those reported in other South Asian cities, and 2-80 times higher than the World Health Organization guideline (1ngTEQ/m(3)). This suggests that ambient PAH levels in the Kathmandu Valley pose a serious health risk to its approximately 3.5 million residents. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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