Doping in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC): A 4-year epidemiological analysis
| Autor: | Youssef Fares, Hussein H. Khachfe, Hasan Baydoun, Hamza A. Salhab, Jawad Fares, Joseph A. Abboud, Mohamad Y. Fares |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male medicine.medical_specialty Pharmaceutical Science Poison control 01 natural sciences Analytical Chemistry 03 medical and health sciences Young Adult 0302 clinical medicine Statistical significance Injury prevention Epidemiology Environmental Chemistry Medicine Humans 030216 legal & forensic medicine Championship Testosterone Congeners Spectroscopy Doping in Sports Martial arts biology Athletes business.industry 010401 analytical chemistry Body Weight biology.organism_classification 0104 chemical sciences Test (assessment) Female business Martial Arts Demography |
| Zdroj: | Drug testing and analysisREFERENCES. 13(4) |
| ISSN: | 1942-7611 |
| Popis: | BACKGROUND Doping is a practice that is present in many sports and organizations, including mixed martial arts and the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). The aim of this study is to explore the epidemiological patterns of doping among UFC athletes. METHODS We screened the official United-States-Anti-Doping-Agency® (USADA) website, the annual USADA reports and the official UFC website for information on fighters and anti-doping rule violations (ADRVs). Our dataset included gender, age, weight class, testing numbers, date of ADRV, type of ADRV, and duration of suspension. Appropriate statistical tests were conducted to assess for statistical significance. RESULTS USADA tested 1070 UFC athletes 2624 times as of late 2015 up till the end of 2019 (N = 1070). A total of 209 adverse findings were recorded; out of which, 102 ADRVs were committed by 93 athletes (8.7%) from all weight divisions. This constituted an adverse finding rate of 16.55 per 1000 test and an ADRV rate of 8.08 per1000 test. Mean age of sanctioned athletes was 32 years. Use of anabolic steroids was significantly the most common ADRV recorded (p = 0.018). The men's heavyweight division had an ADRV rate of 19.3 per 1000 tests, significantly higher than that of women's bantamweight division at 2 per 1000 tests (p = 0.03), women's featherweight division at 0 per 1000 tests (p = 0.009), and men's flyweight division at 3 per 1000 tests (p = 0.035). ADRV rate showed a significantly increasing trend among men's weight divisions (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Doping is present in mixed martial arts. Increasing testing numbers, raising awareness and education on the risks of doping, and conducting further research on the issue is key to help resolve this problem. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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