The Role of Circulating Biomarkers in Peripheral Arterial Disease

Autor: Esther Martinez-Aguilar, José A. Páramo, Leopoldo Fernández-Alonso, Carmen Roncal, Goren Saenz-Pipaon, Arantxa González Miqueo, Josune Orbe
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
medicine.medical_treatment
Myocardial Infarction
Review
Kaplan-Meier Estimate
Disease
030204 cardiovascular system & hematology
lcsh:Chemistry
0302 clinical medicine
Risk Factors
Myocardial infarction
lcsh:QH301-705.5
Stroke
Spectroscopy
education.field_of_study
General Medicine
microRNAs
Computer Science Applications
Peripheral
machine learning
Lower Extremity
Cardiology
extracellular vesicles
medicine.medical_specialty
Population
Risk Assessment
Catalysis
Inorganic Chemistry
03 medical and health sciences
Internal medicine
Peripheral arterial disease
medicine
Humans
coagulation
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Liquid biopsy
education
Molecular Biology
business.industry
Organic Chemistry
biomarkers
medicine.disease
030104 developmental biology
lcsh:Biology (General)
lcsh:QD1-999
Amputation
inflammation
Etiology
business
Zdroj: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 3601, p 3601 (2021)
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
ISSN: 1422-0067
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073601
Popis: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) of the lower extremities is a chronic illness predominantly of atherosclerotic aetiology, associated to traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. It is one of the most prevalent CV conditions worldwide in subjects >65 years, estimated to increase greatly with the aging of the population, becoming a severe socioeconomic problem in the future. The narrowing and thrombotic occlusion of the lower limb arteries impairs the walking function as the disease progresses, increasing the risk of CV events (myocardial infarction and stroke), amputation and death. Despite its poor prognosis, PAD patients are scarcely identified until the disease is advanced, highlighting the need for reliable biomarkers for PAD patient stratification, that might also contribute to define more personalized medical treatments. In this review, we will discuss the usefulness of inflammatory molecules, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and cardiac damage markers, as well as novel components of the liquid biopsy, extracellular vesicles (EVs), and non-coding RNAs for lower limb PAD identification, stratification, and outcome assessment. We will also explore the potential of machine learning methods to build prediction models to refine PAD assessment. In this line, the usefulness of multimarker approaches to evaluate this complex multifactorial disease will be also discussed.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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