Source identification and exchangeability of heavy metals accumulated in vegetable soils in the coastal plain of eastern Zhejiang province, China
| Autor: | Xu QiuTong, Zhang Ming-kui |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Pollution
China Soil test Coastal plain Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis media_common.quotation_subject 010501 environmental sciences engineering.material 01 natural sciences Soil management Soil Metals Heavy Vegetables Cluster Analysis Humans Soil Pollutants Fertilizers 0105 earth and related environmental sciences media_common Principal Component Analysis geography geography.geographical_feature_category Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Agriculture 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences General Medicine Manure Environmental chemistry Soil water 040103 agronomy & agriculture engineering 0401 agriculture forestry and fisheries Environmental science Fertilizer Organic fertilizer Environmental Monitoring |
| Zdroj: | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 142:410-416 |
| ISSN: | 0147-6513 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.03.035 |
| Popis: | Vegetable production in China is suffering increasingly heavy metal damages from various pollution sources including agricultural, industrial and other activities. It is of practical significance to understand the effects of human activities on the accumulation and exchangeability of soil heavy metals in vegetable fields. In this study, seventy-two arable layer samples of vegetable soils were collected from the Shaoxing coastal plain, a representative region of the coastal plain of eastern Zhejiang province, China for characterizing the effects of fertilization methods on accumulation and exchangeable heavy metals in soils (Exchangeable heavy metals in the soil samples were extracted by 0.01molL-1 CaCl2). The different origins of heavy metals in the vegetable soils were investigated by multivariate statistical techniques, including principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). Marked increases were noted for soil heavy metals due to long-term manure or chemical fertilizer application. Three significant components were extracted by PCA, explaining 78.86% of total variance. Mn, Co, Ni, Fe, and Al were associated in lithogenic components, while an anthropogenic origin was identified for Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg. However, As level was due to the geochemical background and was not linked to soil management. The results obtained by cluster analysis elucidated individual relationships between metals and agreed with PCA. Cu, Cr, Pb, and Zn in the soils that were mainly associated with the application of chemical fertilizers, organic manures or other activities regarding soil management. Although the origin of Cd, Hg, and As was also attributed to soil management, other sources like vehicle exhaust or aerial depositions were not discarded as possible contributors. Soil amended with organic fertilizer contained more Cu, Pb, Zn and Cr; whereas the soil amended with chemical fertilizer had more Cd. Application of fertilizers also had significant effect on the concentrations of exchangeable heavy metals. Higher mean concentrations of exchangeable Cd and Pb were found in the soils amended with chemical fertilizers, while those of exchangeable Cu and Zn were found in the soils amended with organic fertilizers. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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