Novel brain-penetrating oximes for reactivation of cholinesterase inhibited by sarin and VX surrogates
| Autor: | Janice E. Chambers, Howard W. Chambers, Edward C. Meek |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Sarin Stereochemistry Drug Evaluation Preclinical Pharmacology General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology Article 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound History and Philosophy of Science In vivo Oximes medicine Animals Cholinesterases Cholinesterase Nerve agent biology General Neuroscience Organophosphate Leaving group Brain Organothiophosphorus Compounds Oxime Survival Analysis Rats Enzyme Activation 030104 developmental biology chemistry biology.protein Cholinesterase Inhibitors medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1374(1) |
| ISSN: | 1749-6632 |
| Popis: | Current oxime reactivators for organophosphate-inhibited cholinesterase (ChE) do not effectively cross the blood–brain barrier and therefore cannot restore brain ChE activity in vivo. Our laboratories have studied highly relevant sarin and VX surrogates, which differ from their respective nerve agents only in the leaving group and thereby leave ChE phosphylated with the same chemical moiety as sarin and VX. Our laboratories have invented novel substituted phenoxyalkyl pyridinium oximes (U.S. Patent 9,227,937 B2) that lead to reduced ChE inhibition in the brains of rats challenged with a high sublethal dosage of the sarin surrogate, whereas 2-PAM did not, using a paradigm designed to demonstrate brain penetration. In addition, these novel oximes also showed an attenuation of seizure-like behavior compared to rats treated with 2-PAM, giving additional evidence of the ability of these oximes to penetrate the blood–brain barrier. Further, some of these oximes provided 24-hour survival superior to 2-PAM and shortened the duration of seizure-like behavior when rats were challenged with lethal dosages of the sarin and VX surrogates, providing additional support for the concept of these life-saving oximes penetrating the brain. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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