Metabolism of Piperaquine to Its Antiplasmodial Metabolites and Their Pharmacokinetic Profiles in Healthy Volunteers
| Autor: | Tianyu Cai, Huixiang Liu, Aijuan Yang, Meitong Zang, Hongchang Zhou, Jie Xing |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Male Metabolite medicine.medical_treatment 030231 tropical medicine 030106 microbiology Plasmodium falciparum Dihydroartemisinin Pharmacology Drug Administration Schedule 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Antimalarials Mice Young Adult 0302 clinical medicine Pharmacokinetics Recurrence Piperaquine parasitic diseases medicine Potency Animals Humans Pharmacology (medical) Drug Dosage Calculations Artemisinin Rats Wistar Biotransformation Mice Inbred ICR biology Oxides Plasmodium yoelii biology.organism_classification Effective dose (pharmacology) Survival Analysis Artemisinins Healthy Volunteers Malaria Infectious Diseases chemistry Quinolines Drug Therapy Combination medicine.drug Half-Life |
| Popis: | As a partner antimalarial for artemisinin drug-based combination therapy (ACT), piperaquine (PQ) can be metabolized into two major metabolites, including piperaquine N-oxide (M1) and piperaquine N,N-dioxide (M2). To better understand the antimalarial potency of PQ, the antimalarial activity of the PQ metabolites (M1 and M2) was studied in vitro (in Plasmodium falciparum strains Pf3D7 and PfDd2) and in vivo (in the murine species Plasmodium yoelii) in this study. The recrudescence and survival time of infected mice were also recorded after drug treatment. The pharmacokinetic profiles of PQ and its two metabolites (M1 and M2) were investigated in healthy subjects after oral doses of two widely used ACT regimens, i.e., dihydroartemisinin plus piperaquine phosphate (Duo-Cotecxin) and artemisinin plus piperaquine (Artequick). Remarkable antiplasmodial activity was found for PQ (50% growth-inhibitory concentration [IC50], 4.5 nM against Pf3D7 and 6.9 nM against PfDd2; 90% effective dose [ED90], 1.3 mg/kg of body weight), M1 (IC50, 25.5 nM against Pf3D7 and 38.7 nM against PfDd2; ED90, 1.3 mg/kg), and M2 (IC50, 31.2 nM against Pf3D7 and 33.8 nM against PfDd2; ED90, 2.9 mg/kg). Compared with PQ, M1 showed comparable efficacy in terms of recrudescence and survival time and M2 had relatively weaker antimalarial potency. PQ and its two metabolites displayed a long elimination half-life (∼11 days for PQ, ∼9 days for M1, and ∼4 days for M2), and they accumulated after repeated administrations. The contribution of the two PQ metabolites to the efficacy of piperaquine as a partner drug of ACT for the treatment of malaria should be considered for PQ dose optimization. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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