A state-of-the-science review of polychlorinated biphenyl exposures at background levels: relative contributions of exposure routes
| Autor: | Elaine A. Cohen Hubal, Chelsea A. Weitekamp, Geniece M. Lehmann, Laura M. Carlson, Nicole M. DeLuca, Linda Phillips |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Inhalation exposure
education.field_of_study Environmental Engineering 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Dietary exposure Dietary intake Population Polychlorinated biphenyl 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences Pollution Article chemistry.chemical_compound Pcb exposure chemistry Environmental health Environmental Chemistry Environmental science Ingestion State of the science education Waste Management and Disposal 0105 earth and related environmental sciences |
| Zdroj: | Sci Total Environ |
| Popis: | Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can occur through multiple routes and sources, including dietary intake, inhalation, dermal contact, and ingestion of dust and soils. Dietary exposure to PCBs is often considered the primary exposure route for the general population; however, recent studies suggest an increasing contribution from indoor inhalation exposure. Here, we aim to estimate the relative contribution of different PCB exposure pathways for the general population, as well as for select age groups. We conducted a targeted literature review of PCB concentrations in environmental media, including indoor and outdoor air, indoor dust, and soils, as well as of total dietary intake. Using the average concentrations from the studies identified, we estimated PCB exposure through different routes for the general population. In addition, we assessed exposure via environmental media for select age groups. We identified a total of 70 studies, 64 that provided background PCB concentrations for one or more of the environmental media of interest and 6 studies that provided estimates of dietary intake. Using estimates from studies conducted worldwide, for the general population, dietary intake of PCBs was the major exposure pathway. In general, our review identifies important limitations in the data available to assess population exposures, highlighting the need for more current and population-based estimates of PCB exposure, particularly for indoor air and dietary intake. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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