Rigidity of silicone substrates controls cell spreading and stem cell differentiation
| Autor: | Edward Ronan, Alex Groisman, Eugene Tkachenko, Edgar Gutierrez, Grigory Vertelov, Sin-Ae Lee |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Materials science Cellular differentiation Silicones Cell Culture Techniques Context (language use) 02 engineering and technology Regenerative Medicine complex mixtures Hydrogel Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate Article 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Rigidity (electromagnetism) Silicone Osteogenesis Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Human Humans Porosity Elastic modulus Cell Proliferation 030304 developmental biology 0303 health sciences Adipogenesis Multidisciplinary Mesenchymal stem cell technology industry and agriculture Substrate (chemistry) Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cell Differentiation Adhesion Stem Cell Research 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology Silicone Gels Hydrogel 030104 developmental biology Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate chemistry Cell culture Self-healing hydrogels Biophysics Stem cell 0210 nano-technology |
| Zdroj: | Scientific reports, vol 6, iss 1 Scientific Reports |
| Popis: | Multiple functions of cells cultured on flat substrates have been shown to depend on the elastic modulus of the substrate, E, with the dependence being strongest in a physiological range of soft tissues, corresponding to E from 0.1 to 100 kPa. Among those functions are stem cell differentiation, cell spreading, and cell signaling [1]. In the context of differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), substrates with E in the ranges of 25 kPa, have been classified as soft (adipogenic) [2,3], medium rigidity (myogenic)1, and hard (osteogenic) [1], respectively. In most studies, the soft substrates are hydrogels, and variations in their elastic moduli are usually accompanied by variations in the dry mass and porosity. The paradigm of the effect of substrate rigidity on the cellular functions has been challenged by Trappmann et al. [4], who claimed that cell spreading and differentiation on hydrogel substrates depend not on the elastic moduli of the substrates, but rather on their porosity, which affects the density of adhesion points between the substrate surface and the extracellular matrix (ECM) coating on it. This claim has been rebutted by Wen at al. [3], who have used hydrogel substrates with different porosities but identical elastic moduli to show that it is the elastic modulus rather than the porosity that is key to the effect of the substrate on cell spreading and differentiation. Both publications agree, however, that there is no appreciable effect of the substrate rigidity on either cell spreading or differentiation, if the substrate is made of a silicone gel rather than a hydrogel. This conclusion appears to contradict the findings of several other groups, who reported that when cells are plated on an array of flexible silicone microposts, their spreading and differentiation depend on the rigidity of the substrate [5], and that when cell are plated on silicone gels, their differentiation depends on the gel rigidity [6]. To resolve this contradiction, we used soft, medium, and hard silicone gel substrates with elastic moduli of 0.5, 16, and 64 kPa, respectively, (Fig.1) to perform experiments similar to those reported in Refs.4 and 3, testing the dependence of differentiation and spreading of MSCs and of spreading of fibroblasts and keratinocytes on the substrate rigidity. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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