| Popis: |
Increased reliance on the use of alternative ingredients in the formulations of diets for farmed fish has long been a priority to sustain the unparalleled growth of aquaculture. This need which has led the feed industry to explore many alternative protein and oil sources, has also led to many physiological impacts on those species being fed those alternatives. The intensification of aquaculture under a global climate change scenario also contributes as another major challenge to feed the blue revolution, since there is a need to develop diets that enhance fish robustness. Recent research on farmed fish species has resulted in the development of a range of innovative novel ingredients that are able to sustain fish growth performance, improve fish welfare and resilience, and still assure a safe, nutritious and tasty product for human consumption. Since the suitability and sustainability of vegetable ingredients in diets for carnivorous fish has increasingly being questioned, other resources need to be explored and increasingly we need to identify and develop alternatives that do not compete directly with human food supply. Insects and agrofood byproducts have great nutritional value and may contribute towards a circular economy concept. Biotechnology also offers a wide range of possibilities, including microbial biomass and single cell products, but scale-up is still required for many of these initiatives to realize any serious benefit. Micro and macroalge are also receiving attention, not only as sources of macronutrients, but also for their richness in bioactive compounds. However, the potential of each new feed ingredient has to be thoroughly evaluated before their wide acceptance by the feed industry. There is little to gain by simply transferring risk from one ingredient to another, when ideally what the feed sector needs is greater security of supply, quality and on a cost-effective basis. |
