The impact of expertise in olfaction
| Autor: | Alexandra Veyrac, Jane Plailly, Chantal Delon-Martin, Anne-Lise Saive, Jean-Pierre Royet |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Plailly, Jane, Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NeuroImagerie Fonctionnelle et Perfusion Cérébrale, [GIN] Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA) |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2013 |
| Předmět: |
lcsh:BF1-990
Context (language use) Olfaction Review Article perceptual learning 050105 experimental psychology 03 medical and health sciences perfumer 0302 clinical medicine functional and structural reorganization Perceptual learning Psychology 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences odor expert General Psychology Modalities mental imagery [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience musculoskeletal neural and ocular physiology [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience 05 social sciences oenologist Associative learning neurogenesis lcsh:Psychology Odor Identification (biology) Neuroscience brain plasticity 030217 neurology & neurosurgery psychological phenomena and processes Cognitive psychology Mental image |
| Zdroj: | Frontiers in Psychology Frontiers in Psychology, Vol 4 (2013) Frontiers in Psychology, 2013, 4, pp.928. ⟨10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00928⟩ |
| ISSN: | 1664-1078 |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00928⟩ |
| Popis: | International audience; Olfactory expertise remains poorly understood, most likely because experts in odor, such as perfumers, sommeliers, and oenologists, are much rarer than experts in other modalities, such as musicians or sportsmen. In this review, we address the specificities of odor expertise in both odor experts and in a priori untrained individuals who have undergone specific olfactory training in the frame of an experiment, such as repeated exposure to odors or associative learning. Until the 21st century, only the behavioral effects of olfactory training of untrained control individuals had been reported, revealing an improvement of olfactory performance in terms of sensitivity, discrimination, memory, and identification. Behavioral studies of odor experts have been scarce, with inconsistent or inconclusive results. Recently, the development of cerebral imaging techniques has enabled the identification of brain areas and neural networks involved in odor processing, revealing functional and structural modifications as a function of experience. The behavioral approach to odor expertise has also evolved. Researchers have particularly focused on odor mental imagery, which is characteristic of odor experts, because this ability is absent in the average person but is part of a perfumer’s professional practice. This review summarizes behavioral, functional, and structural findings on odor expertise. These data are compared with those obtained using animals subjected to prolonged olfactory exposure or to olfactory-enriched environments and are discussed in the context of functional and structural plasticity |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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