Risk Factors for Positivity to Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica in Backyard Production Systems Animals from Metropolitana Region, Chile: A Threat to Public Health?
| Autor: | Nicolás Galarce, Bastián Fernández-Sanhueza, Raúl Alegría-Morán, Constanza Urzúa-Encina, Erika Pavez-Muñoz |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
Veterinary medicine Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Biosecurity Biology urologic and male genital diseases Epidemiology medicine risk factors One Health Risk factor backyard production systems Public health Zoonosis public health Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Embryonated zoonosis medicine.disease biology.organism_classification STEC Salmonella enterica Medicine hormones hormone substitutes and hormone antagonists |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Volume 18 Issue 20 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 10730, p 10730 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 1660-4601 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/ijerph182010730 |
| Popis: | In the Metropolitana region of Chile there are 3836 backyard production systems (BPS), characterized as small-scale systems. They act as a source of zoonotic pathogens, such as Salmonella enterica and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), whose prevalence in BPS has not been fully described. The objective of this study was to determine the positivity for both agents in BPS and to establish the risk factors related to their presence. In each BPS, an epidemiological survey was undertaken, and stool samples were collected to detect these pathogens via bacteriological culture and conventional PCR techniques. Subsequently, multivariable logistic regression models were applied to establish the risk factors associated with their presence. BPS positivity rates of 11.76% for STEC and 4.7% for S. enterica were observed. The systems showed poor welfare standards and a lack of biosecurity measures. The risk factor analysis concluded that the Gini–Simpson index (p = 0.030 OR = 1.717) and the presence of neighboring intensive poultry or swine production systems (p = 0.019 OR = 20.645) act as factors that increased the risk of positivity with respect to STEC. In the case of S. enterica, exchanging embryonated eggs (p = 0.021 OR = 39) and the presence of debeaked chickens (p = 0.001 OR = 156) were determined as factors that increased the risk of positivity for this agent. For positivity with respect to both pathogens, the Gini–Simpson index (p = 0.030 OR = 1.544) and being INDAP/PRODESAL users (p = 0.023 OR = 15.026) were determined as factors that increased the risk, whereas the type of confinement (p = 0.002 OR = 0.019) decreased it. Epidemiological surveillance of these neglected populations is lacking, highlighting the fact that STEC and S. enterica maintenance on BPS represents a potential threat to public health. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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