Differential regulation of Cdc2 and Aurora-A in Xenopus oocytes: a crucial role of phosphatase 2A
Autor: | Catherine Jessus, Thierry Lorca, Jean-Antoine Girault, Gilliane Maton, René Ozon |
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Rok vydání: | 2005 |
Předmět: |
Phosphatase
Xenopus macromolecular substances Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases Biology Xenopus laevis Downregulation and upregulation Aurora Kinases CDC2 Protein Kinase Okadaic Acid Phosphoprotein Phosphatases Animals Protein Phosphatase 2 Enzyme Inhibitors Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 Cell-Free System urogenital system Kinase Activator (genetics) Cell Biology Protein phosphatase 2 biology.organism_classification Cell biology Enzyme Activation enzymes and coenzymes (carbohydrates) Biochemistry embryonic structures Oocytes Phosphorylation Female biological phenomena cell phenomena and immunity |
Zdroj: | Journal of Cell Science. 118:2485-2494 |
ISSN: | 1477-9137 0021-9533 |
DOI: | 10.1242/jcs.02370 |
Popis: | The success of cell division relies on the activation of its master regulator Cdc2-cyclin B, and many other kinases controlling cellular organization, such as Aurora-A. Most of these kinase activities are regulated by phosphorylation. Despite numerous studies showing that okadaic acid-sensitive phosphatases regulate both Cdc2 and Aurora-A activation, their identity has not yet been established in Xenopus oocytes and the importance of their regulation has not been evaluated. Using an oocyte cell-free system, we demonstrate that PP2A depletion is sufficient to lead to Cdc2 activation, whereas Aurora-A activation depends on Cdc2 activity. The activity level of PP1 does not affect Cdc2 kinase activation promoted by PP2A removal. PP1 inhibition is also not sufficient to lead to Aurora-A activation in the absence of active Cdc2. We therefore conclude that in Xenopus oocytes, PP2A is the key phosphatase that negatively regulates Cdc2 activation. Once this negative regulator is removed, endogenous kinases are able to turn on the activator Cdc2 system without any additional stimulation. In contrast, Aurora-A activation is indirectly controlled by Cdc2 activity independently of either PP2A or PP1. This strongly suggests that in Xenopus oocytes, Aurora-A activation is mainly controlled by the specific stimulation of kinases under the control of Cdc2 and not by downregulation of phosphatase. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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