Incomplete tricarboxylic acid cycle and proton gradient in Pandoravirus massiliensis: is it still a virus?

Autor: Eric Chabrière, David C. Lamb, Didier Raoult, Sarah Aherfi, Anthony Levasseur, Bernard La Scola, Lucile Pinault, Jônatas Santos Abrahão, Jean-Pierre Baudoin, Philippe Colson, Djamal Brahim Belhaouari, Philippe Decloquement
Přispěvatelé: Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais [Belo Horizonte] (UFMG), Swansea University, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille)
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Citric Acid Cycle
Genome
Viral
medicine.disease_cause
7. Clean energy
Microbiology
Virus
03 medical and health sciences
[SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system
[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases
medicine
[SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology
Giant Virus
Electrochemical gradient
Gene
Escherichia coli
Ecology
Evolution
Behavior and Systematics
030304 developmental biology
[SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases
0303 health sciences
Mimivirus
biology
Pandoravirus
030306 microbiology
DNA Viruses
biology.organism_classification
[SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology
Citric acid cycle
Biochemistry
[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology
Protons
Mimiviridae
Zdroj: ISME Journal
ISME Journal, Nature Publishing Group, 2021, ⟨10.1038/s41396-021-01117-3⟩
ISME Journal, 2022, 16 (3), pp.695-704. ⟨10.1038/s41396-021-01117-3⟩
ISSN: 1751-7370
1751-7362
DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-01117-3
Popis: The discovery of Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus, the first isolated giant virus of amoeba, challenged the historical hallmarks defining a virus. Giant virion sizes are known to reach up to 2.3 µm, making them visible by optical microscopy. Their large genome sizes of up to 2.5 Mb can encode proteins involved in the translation apparatus. We have investigated possible energy production in Pandoravirus massiliensis. Mitochondrial membrane markers allowed for the detection of a membrane potential in purified virions and this was enhanced by a regulator of the tricarboxylic acid cycle but abolished by the use of a depolarizing agent. Bioinformatics was employed to identify enzymes involved in virion proton gradient generation and this approach revealed that eight putative P. massiliensis proteins exhibited low sequence identities with known cellular enzymes involved in the universal tricarboxylic acid cycle. Further, all eight viral genes were transcribed during replication. The product of one of these genes, ORF132, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and shown to function as an isocitrate dehydrogenase, a key enzyme of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Our findings show for the first time that a membrane potential can exist in Pandoraviruses, and this may be related to tricarboxylic acid cycle. The presence of a proton gradient in P. massiliensis makes this virus a form of life for which it is legitimate to ask the question “what is a virus?”.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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