The importance of 12R‐lipoxygenase and transglutaminase activities in the hydration‐dependent ex vivo maturation of corneocyte envelopes
Autor: | A. V. Rawlings, M. R. Munday, Majella E. Lane, D. Guneri, C. Zhang, A. Bankousli, Rainer Voegeli, S. Doppler |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2019 |
Předmět: |
Adult
Male Aging Tissue transglutaminase medicine.medical_treatment Pharmaceutical Science Cathepsin D Dermatology Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase 030226 pharmacology & pharmacy 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Young Adult 0302 clinical medicine Colloid and Surface Chemistry Drug Discovery Glycerol medicine stratum corneum Humans Involucrin Skin chemistry.chemical_classification Corneocyte Protease Transglutaminases biology Chemistry Original Articles Molecular biology protease inhibition enzymolgy Enzyme Chemistry (miscellaneous) rather biology.protein Original Article Female Ex vivo |
Zdroj: | International Journal of Cosmetic Science |
ISSN: | 1468-2494 0142-5463 |
Popis: | Background Terminally differentiated keratinocytes acquire corneocyte protein envelopes (CPE) complexed with corneocyte lipid envelopes (CLE). These two structural components of the corneocyte envelopes (CEs) undergo maturation by gaining in hydrophobicity, rigidity and surface area. Linoleoyl acylceramides are processed by 12R‐lipoxygenase (12R‐LOX) and other enzymes before transglutaminase (TG) attaches ω‐hydroxyceramides to involucrin in the CPE. Concurrently, structural proteins are cross‐linked by TG that has been activated by cathepsin D (CathD). Objectives The primary aim of this work was to demonstrate the impact of relative humidity (RH) during ex vivo CE maturation. Low, optimal and high RH were selected to investigate the effect of protease inhibitors (PIs) on CE maturation and TG activity; in addition, 12R‐LOX and CathD activity were measured at optimal RH. Finally, the effect of glycerol on ex vivo CE maturation was tested at low, optimal and high RH. Methods The first and ninth tape strip of photo‐exposed (PE) cheek and photo‐protected (PP) post‐auricular sites of healthy volunteers were selected. Ex vivo CE maturation was assessed via the relative CE maturity (RCEM) approach based on CE rigidity and hydrophobicity. The second and eighth tapes were exposed to RH in the presence of inhibitors. Results Irrespective of tape stripping depth, CEs from PE samples attained CE rigidity to the same extent as mature CEs from the PP site, but such improvement was lacking for CE hydrophobicity. 70% RH was optimal for ex vivo CE maturation. The inhibition of 12R‐LOX activity resulted in enhanced CE rigidity which was reduced by the TG inhibitor. CE hydrophobicity remained unchanged during ex vivo maturation in the presence of TG or 12R‐LOX inhibition. CE hydrophobicity was enhanced in the presence of glycerol at 44% RH and 100% RH but not at 70% RH. Furthermore, TG activity was significantly diminished at 100% RH compared to the commercial inhibitor LDN‐27219. However, a protease inhibitor mix reversed the negative effect of overhydration. Conclusion The study adds to the understanding of the roles of 12R‐LOX and TG activity in CE maturation and gives further insight into the effect of glycerol on the SC. A cocktail of protease inhibitor prior to ex vivo maturation shows a humidity‐dependent effect on TG activity with the biggest impact on samples ex vivo matured at 100% RH. Data are shown in mean ± SD (n = 6) with one‐way ANOVA with Holm–Sidak's post‐test; *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01 or ***P ≤ 0.001. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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